Matplotlib使用笔记（二）——画图

1、Scatter 散点图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import  numpy as np

n = 1024
X = np.random.normal(0,1,n)    #每一个点的X值
Y = np.random.normal(0,1,n)    #每一个点的Y值
T = np.arctan2(Y, X)           #for color value

plt.scatter(X, Y, s = 75, c = T , alpha = 0.5)
plt.xlim(-1.5,1.5)
plt.xticks(())        #隐藏x坐标轴
plt.ylim(-1.5,1.5)
plt.yticks(())        #隐藏y坐标轴

plt.show()

.scatter的参数为

plt.scatter(x, y, c = None, marker = 'o', cmap = None, vmin = None, vmax = None, alpha = None, linewidths = None, verts = None, edgecolors = None, hold = None, data = None, **kwargs)

2、Bar 柱状图

n = 12
X = np.arange(n)
Y1 = (1-X / float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
Y2 = (1-X / float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)

plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor = '#9999ff', edgecolor = 'white')   #设置主体颜色和边框颜色
plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor = '#ff9999', edgecolor = 'white')

plt.xlim(-.5,n)
plt.xticks(())
plt.ylim(-1.25,1.25)
plt.yticks(())

#在柱体上方和下方标注数值
for x, y in zip(X ,Y1):
    #ha: horizontal alignment  横向对齐
    #va: vertical alignment    纵向对齐
    plt.text(x + 0.04, y + 0.05, '%.2f'% y, ha = 'center', va = 'bottom')

for x, y in zip(X ,Y2):
    #ha: horizontal alignment
    #va: vertical alignment
    plt.text(x + 0.04, -y - 0.05, '%.2f'% y, ha = 'center', va = 'top')

3、Contours 等高线图

def f(x, y):
    # the high function
    return (1- x/2 + x**5 + y**3)* np.exp(-x**2 - y**2)

n= 256
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)               

#use plt.contourf to filling contours    
#X, Y and value for (X, Y) point
plt.contourf(X, Y, f(X, Y), 8, alpha = 0.75, cmap = plt.cm.hot)

#use plt.contour to add contour line
C = plt.contour(X, Y, f(X, Y), 8，colors = 'black', linewidth =.5)

plt.clabel(C, inline = True, fontsize = 10)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())

.meshgrid在二维平面中将每一个x和每一个y对应起来，编织成栅格
.contourf用于填充颜色，位置参数分别为：X，Y，f(X,Y)。8代表等高线的密集程度。颜色设置为color map中的暖色组，也可设置为cool
.contour用于绘制等高线
.clabel 添加数值，inline 控制是否将label画在线里。

4、Image 图片（非自然图像）

a = np.array([0.313660827978, 0.365348418405, 0.423733120134,
              0.365348418405, 0.439599930621, 0.525083754405,
              0.423733120134, 0.525083754405, 0.651536351379]).reshape(3,3)

plt.imshow(a, interpolation='nearest',     #选择出图方式
              cmap='bone', 
              origin='lower')              #选择原点的位置，可设置为'upper'

plt.colorbar(shrink=.92)                   #压缩colorbar的长度

5、3D数据

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import  numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

# X, Y value
X = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)    # x-y 平面的网格
R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)
# height value
Z = np.sin(R)

ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow') )

ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-2, cmap='rainbow')
ax.set_zlim(-2, 2)

plt.show()

rstride和cstride分别代表row和column的跨度
cmap参数有多种设置方式
zdir 选择投影方向

2018.08.07 整理于莫烦python教程
https://morvanzhou.github.io/tutorials/data-manipulation/plt/