Volley是一个由Google推出的网络通信库，比较适合进行数据量不大，但通信频繁的网络操作！！！
首先在使用Volley网络通信之前，要在在AndroidManifest.xml 文件中添加对网络权限的声明：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
来看一下Volley类的使用流程：
1.创建继承Request的类的对象
2.创建RequestQueue对象
3.将第1步创建的Request对象添加到第2步创建的RequestQueue对象中。
提示：RequestQueue是一个是一个请求队列对象，可以缓存所有的http网络请求，并发送请求，所以不必为每次的http请求都创建一个RequestQueue对象，这样会造成资源的浪费，习惯上可以使用单例模式创建一个RequestQueue对象。
1.创建继承Request的类的对象
首先在Volley中网络请求的基类是Request抽象类，所有的网络请求都要继承这个类，在这个Request抽象类中，有几个比较常用的参数和方法：
public interface Method {
int DEPRECATED_GET_OR_POST = -1;
int GET = 0;
int POST = 1;
int PUT = 2;
int DELETE = 3;
}
/**
* Set a tag on this request. Can be used to cancel all requests with this
* tag by {@link RequestQueue#cancelAll(Object)}.
*/
public void setTag(Object tag) {
mTag = tag;
}
/**
* Returns this request's tag.
* @see com.android.volley.Request#setTag(Object)
*/
public Object getTag() {
return mTag;
}
parseNetworkResponse()
deliverResponse()我们可以继承Request这个抽象类，构造出适合自身情况的网络请求的子类，并创建网络请求的对象，这样的话使用Volley框架的第一步也就完成了。
2.创建RequestQueue对象
一般来说，创建RequestQueue对象的方式有两种，一种是可以直接调用Volley的newRequestQueue()方法创建，另一种是根据自身的情况去自定义创建，不过核心的内容应该是一样的，我就以Volley的newRequestQueue()方法为例，简单的描述一下。
在描述之前，我先介绍几个涉及到的类，首先就是
HttpStack类:用于处理Http请求，并返回请求的结果，目前Volley中HttpStack有两个子类，一个是基于HttpURLConnection的HurlStack和基于HttpClient的HttpClientStack。
ResponseDelivery:请求结果传递的类
NetWork:网络类，代表了一个可执行的网络请求，它的实现类是BasicNetwork。
NetworkDispatcher:用于调度走网络的请求，启动后会不断的从网络请求的队列中取出请求处理，队列为空时则等待，请求结束后将结果传递给ResponseDelivery去执行后续处理。
CacheDispatcher:用于调度走缓存的请求，启动后会不断的从缓存请求队列中取出请求处理，队列为空则等待，请求结束后将结果传递给ResponseDelivery去执行后续处理。
Cache:缓存请求结果，CacheDispatcher会从Cache中获取缓存结果。
public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context, HttpStack stack) {
File cacheDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR);
String userAgent = "volley/0";
try {
String packageName = context.getPackageName();
PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
userAgent = packageName + "/" + info.versionCode;
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
}
if (stack == null) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
stack = new HurlStack();
} else {
stack = new HttpClientStack(AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent));
}
}
Network network = new BasicNetwork(stack);
RequestQueue queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir), network);
queue.start();
return queue;
}我们去了解一下RequestQueue的start()方法
public void start() {
stop(); // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped.
// Create the cache dispatcher and start it.
mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery);
mCacheDispatcher.start();
// Create network dispatchers (and corresponding threads) up to the pool size.
for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) {
NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork,
mCache, mDelivery);
mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher;
networkDispatcher.start();
}
}3.将第1步创建的Request对象添加到第2步创建的RequestQueue对象中。
添加的方式也是很简单，通过RequestQueue的add()方法就可以把Request的对象添加到队列中去。
public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {
// Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
request.setRequestQueue(this);
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
mCurrentRequests.add(request);
}
// Process requests in the order they are added.
request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
request.addMarker("add-to-queue");
// If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.
if (!request.shouldCache()) {
mNetworkQueue.add(request);
return request;
}
// Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
// There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
if (stagedRequests == null) {
stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request<?>>();
}
stagedRequests.add(request);
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", cacheKey);
}
} else {
// Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in
// flight.
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
mCacheQueue.add(request);
}
return request;
}
}这样的话就把网络请求添加到队列中去了。
当把请求添加到队列中去之后，就应该去执行这个请求了，执行的方式也是有两种，一种是在CacheDispatcher线程中去执行， 一种是在NetworkDispatcher线程中执行。
在NetworkDispatcher线程的run()方法中
public void run() {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
while (true) {
long startTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
Request<?> request;
try {
// Take a request from the queue.
request = mQueue.take();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
if (mQuit) {
return;
}
continue;
}
try {
request.addMarker("network-queue-take");
// If the request was cancelled already, do not perform the
// network request.
if (request.isCanceled()) {
request.finish("network-discard-cancelled");
continue;
}
addTrafficStatsTag(request);
// Perform the network request.
NetworkResponse networkResponse = mNetwork.performRequest(request);
request.addMarker("network-http-complete");
// If the server returned 304 AND we delivered a response already,
// we're done -- don't deliver a second identical response.
if (networkResponse.notModified && request.hasHadResponseDelivered()) {
request.finish("not-modified");
continue;
}
// Parse the response here on the worker thread.
Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);
request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");
// Write to cache if applicable.
// TODO: Only update cache metadata instead of entire record for 304s.
if (request.shouldCache() && response.cacheEntry != null) {
mCache.put(request.getCacheKey(), response.cacheEntry);
request.addMarker("network-cache-written");
}
// Post the response back.
request.markDelivered();
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
} catch (VolleyError volleyError) {
volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError);
} catch (Exception e) {
VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
VolleyError volleyError = new VolleyError(e);
volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
mDelivery.postError(request, volleyError);
}
}
}
public NetworkResponse performRequest(Request<?> request) throws VolleyError {
long requestStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
while (true) {
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
byte[] responseContents = null;
Map<String, String> responseHeaders = Collections.emptyMap();
try {
// Gather headers.
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
addCacheHeaders(headers, request.getCacheEntry());
httpResponse = mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers);
StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();
responseHeaders = convertHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
// Handle cache validation.
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED) {
Entry entry = request.getCacheEntry();
if (entry == null) {
return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, null,
responseHeaders, true,
SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
}
// A HTTP 304 response does not have all header fields. We
// have to use the header fields from the cache entry plus
// the new ones from the response.
// http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.5
entry.responseHeaders.putAll(responseHeaders);
return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, entry.data,
entry.responseHeaders, true,
SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
}
// Some responses such as 204s do not have content. We must check.
if (httpResponse.getEntity() != null) {
responseContents = entityToBytes(httpResponse.getEntity());
} else {
// Add 0 byte response as a way of honestly representing a
// no-content request.
responseContents = new byte[0];
}
// if the request is slow, log it.
long requestLifetime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart;
logSlowRequests(requestLifetime, request, responseContents, statusLine);
if (statusCode < 200 || statusCode > 299) {
throw new IOException();
}
return new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents, responseHeaders, false,
SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
attemptRetryOnException("socket", request, new TimeoutError());
} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
attemptRetryOnException("connection", request, new TimeoutError());
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Bad URL " + request.getUrl(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
int statusCode = 0;
NetworkResponse networkResponse = null;
if (httpResponse != null) {
statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
} else {
throw new NoConnectionError(e);
}
VolleyLog.e("Unexpected response code %d for %s", statusCode, request.getUrl());
if (responseContents != null) {
networkResponse = new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents,
responseHeaders, false, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED ||
statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN) {
attemptRetryOnException("auth",
request, new AuthFailureError(networkResponse));
} else {
// TODO: Only throw ServerError for 5xx status codes.
throw new ServerError(networkResponse);
}
} else {
throw new NetworkError(networkResponse);
}
}
}
}
public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable) {
request.markDelivered();
request.addMarker("post-response");
mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, runnable));
}
public void run() {
// If this request has canceled, finish it and don't deliver.
if (mRequest.isCanceled()) {
mRequest.finish("canceled-at-delivery");
return;
}
// Deliver a normal response or error, depending.
if (mResponse.isSuccess()) {
mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);
} else {
mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);
}
// If this is an intermediate response, add a marker, otherwise we're done
// and the request can be finished.
if (mResponse.intermediate) {
mRequest.addMarker("intermediate-response");
} else {
mRequest.finish("done");
}
// If we have been provided a post-delivery runnable, run it.
if (mRunnable != null) {
mRunnable.run();
}
}
void finish(final String tag) {
if (mRequestQueue != null) {
mRequestQueue.finish(this);
}
if (MarkerLog.ENABLED) {
final long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
if (Looper.myLooper() != Looper.getMainLooper()) {
// If we finish marking off of the main thread, we need to
// actually do it on the main thread to ensure correct ordering.
Handler mainThread = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
mainThread.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mEventLog.add(tag, threadId);
mEventLog.finish(this.toString());
}
});
return;
}
mEventLog.add(tag, threadId);
mEventLog.finish(this.toString());
}
}
<T> void finish(Request<T> request) {
// Remove from the set of requests currently being processed.
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
mCurrentRequests.remove(request);
}
synchronized (mFinishedListeners) {
for (RequestFinishedListener<T> listener : mFinishedListeners) {
listener.onRequestFinished(request);
}
}
if (request.shouldCache()) {
synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
Queue<Request<?>> waitingRequests = mWaitingRequests.remove(cacheKey);
if (waitingRequests != null) {
if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
VolleyLog.v("Releasing %d waiting requests for cacheKey=%s.",
waitingRequests.size(), cacheKey);
}
// Process all queued up requests. They won't be considered as in flight, but
// that's not a problem as the cache has been primed by 'request'.
mCacheQueue.addAll(waitingRequests);
}
}
}
}
在CacheDispatcher()的run()方法中
public void run() {
if (DEBUG) VolleyLog.v("start new dispatcher");
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
// Make a blocking call to initialize the cache.
mCache.initialize();
while (true) {
try {
// Get a request from the cache triage queue, blocking until
// at least one is available.
final Request<?> request = mCacheQueue.take();
request.addMarker("cache-queue-take");
// If the request has been canceled, don't bother dispatching it.
if (request.isCanceled()) {
request.finish("cache-discard-canceled");
continue;
}
// Attempt to retrieve this item from cache.
Cache.Entry entry = mCache.get(request.getCacheKey());
if (entry == null) {
request.addMarker("cache-miss");
// Cache miss; send off to the network dispatcher.
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
continue;
}
// If it is completely expired, just send it to the network.
if (entry.isExpired()) {
request.addMarker("cache-hit-expired");
request.setCacheEntry(entry);
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
continue;
}
// We have a cache hit; parse its data for delivery back to the request.
request.addMarker("cache-hit");
Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(
new NetworkResponse(entry.data, entry.responseHeaders));
request.addMarker("cache-hit-parsed");
if (!entry.refreshNeeded()) {
// Completely unexpired cache hit. Just deliver the response.
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
} else {
// Soft-expired cache hit. We can deliver the cached response,
// but we need to also send the request to the network for
// refreshing.
request.addMarker("cache-hit-refresh-needed");
request.setCacheEntry(entry);
// Mark the response as intermediate.
response.intermediate = true;
// Post the intermediate response back to the user and have
// the delivery then forward the request along to the network.
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// Not much we can do about this.
}
}
});
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
if (mQuit) {
return;
}
continue;
}
}
}同样会有一个 while(true){}的循环，首先会调用mCache.get(request.getCacheKey())，通过该请求的key尝试从缓存中获取缓存结果，如果缓存结果为空，就把该请求添加到网络线程对应的队列中去，如果缓存结果过期，同样把该请求添加到网络线程对应的队列中去，如果缓存结果不为空且没有过期的话，就去调用请求的parseNetworkResponse(),后续的步骤应该和NetworkDispatcher类似，就不再多说了。
这就是一个完整的Volley请求的流程吧！！！
另外在RequestQueue中，还有cancelAll()方法，用于取消所有具有相同tag标签的网络请求，该代码如下
/**
* Cancels all requests in this queue with the given tag. Tag must be non-null
* and equality is by identity.
*/
public void cancelAll(final Object tag) {
if (tag == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot cancelAll with a null tag");
}
cancelAll(new RequestFilter() {
@Override
public boolean apply(Request<?> request) {
return request.getTag() == tag;
}
});
}/**
* Cancels all requests in this queue for which the given filter applies.
* @param filter The filtering function to use
*/
public void cancelAll(RequestFilter filter) {
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
for (Request<?> request : mCurrentRequests) {
if (filter.apply(request)) {
request.cancel();
}
}
}
}以下是request.cancel()的源码
public void cancel() {
mCanceled = true;
}
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