Pandas分类

Pandas分类

• categorical data是指分类数据：数据类型为：男女、班级（一班、二班）、省份（河北、江苏等），若使用赋值法给变量赋值，例如（男=1，女=0），数字1,0之间没有大小之分，不能认为1是比0大的。
• numerical data是指数值型数据：收入（1000元，500元），是可以进行比较大小并进行运算的数据。

从0.15版本开始，pandas可以在DataFrame中支持Categorical类型的数据，

Pandas可以在DataFrame中包含分类数据

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({"id":[1,2,3,4,5,6], "raw_grade":['a', 'b', 'b', 'a', 'a', 'e']})
df

	id	raw_grade
0	1	a
1	2	b
2	3	b
3	4	a
4	5	a
5	6	e

df["raw_grade"]

0    a
1    b
2    b
3    a
4    a
5    e
Name: raw_grade, dtype: object

# 1 将原始grade成绩转换为分类数据
df["grade"] = df["raw_grade"].astype("category")
df["grade"]

0    a
1    b
2    b
3    a
4    a
5    e
Name: grade, dtype: category
Categories (3, object): [a, b, e]

# 2.重命名分类数据为更有意义的名称:
df["grade"].cat.categories = ["very good", "good", "very bad"]
df

	id	raw_grade	grade
0	1	a	very good
1	2	b	good
2	3	b	good
3	4	a	very good
4	5	a	very good
5	6	e	very bad

# 3.对类别进行重新排序，增加缺失的类别：
df["grade"] = df["grade"].cat.set_categories(["very bad", "bad", "medium", "good", "very good"])
df["grade"]

0    very good
1         good
2         good
3    very good
4    very good
5     very bad
Name: grade, dtype: category
Categories (5, object): [very bad, bad, medium, good, very good]

# 4.按整理后的类别排序(并非词汇的顺序)
df.sort_values(by="grade")

	id	raw_grade	grade
5	6	e	very bad
1	2	b	good
2	3	b	good
0	1	a	very good
3	4	a	very good
4	5	a	very good

# 5.按类别分组也包括空类别:
df.groupby("grade").size()

grade
very bad     1
bad          0
medium       0
good         2
very good    3
dtype: int64