多态的对象模型

1：所谓多态就是多种形态，在两个类中，函数名相同的函数，通过不同对象的调用，产生不同的结果。多态和类型无关，只和对象有关。
构成多态的条件：(1)虚函数的重写：子类中和父类相同点的虚函数
(2)父类的指针/引用调用虚函数
当指向父类的指针或引用调用重写的虚函数时，当指向父类调用的就是父类的虚函数，当指向子类调用的就是子类的虚函数。
2：多态的对象模型
单继承

class Base
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"Base::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun2()
    {
        cout<<"Base::fun2()"<<endl;
    }
private:
    int a;
};

class Derive:public Base
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"Derive::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun3()
    {
        cout<<"Derive::fun3()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun4()
    {
        cout<<"Derive::fun4()"<<endl;
    }
private:
    int b;
};
int main()
{
    Base b;
    Derive d;

    int* vtable1 = (int*)(*(int*)&b);
    int* vtable2 = (int*)(*(int*)&d);

    PrintVTable(vtable1);
    PrintVTable(vtable2);
    return 0;
}

typedef void(* FUNC)();//函数指针（指向函数的指针）

void PrintVTable(int* VTable)//打印虚函数表
{
    cout<<"VTable: "<<VTable<<endl;
    for(int i=0; VTable[i] != 0; ++i)
    {
        printf("VTable[i]: 0x%x,->",i,VTable[i]);
        FUNC f = (FUNC)VTable[i];
        f();
    }
    cout<<endl;
}

多继承

class AA
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"AA::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun2()
    {
        cout<<"AA::fun2()"<<endl;
    }
private:
    int _a;
};

class BB
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"BB::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun2()
    {
        cout<<"BB::fun2()"<<endl;
    }
private:
    int _b;
};

class CC : public AA,public BB
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"CC::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun3()
    {
        cout<<"CC::fun3()"<<endl;
    }
private:
    int _c;
};

typedef void(*FUNC)();

void PrintVTable(int* VTable)
{
    cout<<"VTable: "<<VTable<<endl;
    for(int i=0; VTable[i] != 0; ++i)
    {
        printf("VTable[i]:0x%x,->",i,VTable[i]);
        FUNC f = (FUNC)VTable[i];
        f();
    }
    cout<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    CC c;
    int* vtable = (int*)(*(int*)&c);
    PrintVTable(vtable);

    vtable = (int*)(*((int*)&c+sizeof(AA)/4));
        //sizeof(AA)=8除4为int*的个数
    PrintVTable(vtable);
    return 0;
}

**菱形继承

//菱形继承的多态对象模型
class A
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"A::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
public:
    int _a;
};

class B : public A
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"B::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun2()
    {
        cout<<"B::fun2()"<<endl;
    }

public:
    int _b;
};

class C : public A
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"C::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun3()
    {
        cout<<"C::fun3()"<<endl;
    }

public:
    int _c;
};

class D : public B,public C
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()//重写B,C中的虚函数
    {
        cout<<"D::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun2()//重写B中的虚函数
    {
        cout<<"D::fun2()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun4()//D中的虚函数
    {
        cout<<"D::fun4()"<<endl;
    }

public:
    int _d;
};

typedef void(*FUNC)();

void PrintVTable(int* VTable)
{
    cout<<"VTable: "<<VTable<<endl;
    for(int i=0; VTable[i] != 0; ++i)
    {
        printf("VTable[%d]:0x%x,->",i,VTable[i]);
        FUNC f = (FUNC)VTable[i];
        f();
    }
    cout<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    D d;
    d.B::_a = 1;
    d._b = 2;
    d.C::_a = 3;
    d._c = 4;
    d._d = 5;
    int* vtable = (int*)(*(int*)&d);
    PrintVTable(vtable);

    vtable = (int*)(*((int*)&d+sizeof(B)/4));
    PrintVTable(vtable);

    return 0;
}

总结：D中的虚函数放在第一个继承基类的虚函数表中，B中会放D中重写的虚函数和自己的虚函数，C中会放D中重写的虚函数和自己的虚函数。

菱形虚拟继承**

//菱形虚拟继承的多态对象模型
class A
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"A::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
public:
    int _a;
};

class B : virtual public A
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"B::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun2()
    {
        cout<<"B::fun2()"<<endl;
    }

public:
    int _b;
};

class C : virtual public A
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout<<"C::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun3()
    {
        cout<<"C::fun3()"<<endl;
    }

public:
    int _c;
};

class D : public B,public C
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()//重写B,C中的虚函数
    {
        cout<<"D::fun1()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun2()//重写B中的虚函数
    {
        cout<<"D::fun2()"<<endl;
    }
    virtual void fun4()//D中的虚函数
    {
        cout<<"D::fun4()"<<endl;
    }

public:
    int _d;
};

typedef void(*FUNC)();

void PrintVTable(int* VTable)
{
    cout<<"VTable: "<<VTable<<endl;
    for(int i=0; VTable[i] != 0; ++i)
    {
        printf("VTable[%d]:0x%x,->",i,VTable[i]);
        FUNC f = (FUNC)VTable[i];
        f();
    }
    cout<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    D d;
    d._a = 1;
    d._b = 2;
    d._c = 4;
    d._d = 5;
    int* vtable = (int*)(*(int*)&d);//B的虚函数表
    PrintVTable(vtable);

    vtable = (int*)(*((int*)&d+3));//C的虚函数表
    PrintVTable(vtable);

    vtable = (int*)(*((int*)&d+7));//A的虚函数表
    PrintVTable(vtable);
    return 0;
}