解决TypeError: Type 'list' cannot be serialized.

拿到HTML网页

html = etree.HTML(content)

编写规则

html = etree.HTML(content)
divs = html.xpath('//div[@class="rank"]//span[@class="span"]')
print(type(divs))
print(divs)

divs返回一个列表,无法直接打印出数据：

<class 'list'>
[<Element span at 0x16d2edb2848>]

etree.HTML():构造了一个XPath解析对象并对HTML文本进行自动修正。
etree.tostring()：输出修正后的结果，类型是bytes

html = etree.HTML(content)
divs = html.xpath('//div[@class="rank"]//span[@class="span"]')
d = etree.tostring(divs,encoding='utf-8').encode('utf-8')
print(d)

报错：TypeError: Type ‘list’ cannot be serialized.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:/pycharm2019/Test/test.py", line 14, in <module>
    d = etree.tostring(divs)
  File "src/lxml/etree.pyx", line 3443, in lxml.etree.tostring
TypeError: Type 'list' cannot be serialized.

翻了很多都没有找到同样问题的解决，于是突然想起规则末尾加 /text（）

html = etree.HTML(content)#HTML网页
divs = html.xpath('//div[@class="rank"]//span[@class="span"]/text()')#XPATH提取数据
print(divs)#输出数据

直接得到目标数据（根本不需要那句etree.tostring…被视频教程误导了）