深度学习笔记：数据正规化和抑制过拟合

1 Batch-normalization

batch-normalization将输入数据转化为平均值0，标准差为1的分布，该方法可以加速学习并抑制过拟合。batch-normalization作为神经网络特定的一个层出现

batch-normalization计算表达式：

接下来，会对数据进行一定的缩放和平移，得到y = γx + β，其中γ和β为参数，初始值为1和0，会根据学习更新

batch-normalization计算图表示：

比较batch-normalization对训练准确度影响：

# coding: utf-8
import sys, os
sys.path.append("D:\AI learning source code")  # 为了导入父目录的文件而进行的设定
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from dataset.mnist import load_mnist
from common.multi_layer_net_extend import MultiLayerNetExtend
from common.optimizer import SGD, Adam

(x_train, t_train), (x_test, t_test) = load_mnist(normalize=True)

# 减少学习数据
x_train = x_train[:1000]
t_train = t_train[:1000]

max_epochs = 20
train_size = x_train.shape[0]
batch_size = 100
learning_rate = 0.01


def __train(weight_init_std):
    bn_network = MultiLayerNetExtend(input_size=784, hidden_size_list=[100, 100, 100, 100, 100], output_size=10, 
                                    weight_init_std=weight_init_std, use_batchnorm=True)
    network = MultiLayerNetExtend(input_size=784, hidden_size_list=[100, 100, 100, 100, 100], output_size=10,
                                weight_init_std=weight_init_std)
    optimizer = SGD(lr=learning_rate)
    
    train_acc_list = []
    bn_train_acc_list = []
    
    iter_per_epoch = max(train_size / batch_size, 1)
    epoch_cnt = 0
    
    for i in range(1000000000):
        batch_mask = np.random.choice(train_size, batch_size)
        x_batch = x_train[batch_mask]
        t_batch = t_train[batch_mask]
    
        for _network in (bn_network, network):
            grads = _network.gradient(x_batch, t_batch)
            optimizer.update(_network.params, grads)
    
        if i % iter_per_epoch == 0:
            train_acc =