Spring笔记(4)——Spring属性注入

Spring属性注入有四种方式，分别为set方法注入、构造函数注入、p名称空间注入、spel注入，前两种为主要的注入方式。 源码

一、set方法注入(最重要)

配置好jar包后先看看项目的框架:

实体类User.java(属性的set方法要写)：

package com.rr.bean;

public class User {
	private String name;
	private Integer age;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
	
	  
}

配置文件applicationContext.xml(property标签中name属性对应实体类的字段名，value属性表示注入的值):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ">
	
	<!-- set方式注入 -->
	<bean name="user" class="com.rr.bean.User">
		<property name="name" value="tom"></property>
		<property name="age" value="20"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

测试代码段:

package com.rr.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.rr.bean.User;

public class JunitTest {
	
	@Test
	public void fun1() {
		// 1.创建容器对象, 类路径xml
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		// 2.向容器要User对象
		 User user = (User)ac.getBean("user");
		
		// 3.打印User对象
		System.out.println(user);
	}
	
	
}
	

运行结果1:

如果一个User对象还依赖一个Car对象，让“用户拥有车”，需要做如下改动:

项目结构:

bean包下新建Car类:

package com.rr.bean;

public class Car {
	private String name;
	private String color;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getColor() {
		return color;
	}
	public void setColor(String color) {
		this.color = color;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]";
	}
	
	
}

User类添加Car属性并重新生成toString()方法:

package com.rr.bean;

public class User {
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private Car car;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}
	
    
}

spring配置文件applicationContext.xml， 值类型用value，引用类型用ref:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ">
	<!-- set方式注入 -->
	<bean name="user" class="com.rr.bean.User">
		<!-- 值类型注入：为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
		<property name="name" value="tom"></property>
		<property name="age" value="20"></property>
		<!-- 引用类型注入:②为car属性注入下方配置的car对象  value要和①中的对象name一致-->
		<property name="car" ref="car"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- ①将car对象配置到容器中  -->
	<bean name="car" class="com.rr.bean.Car">
		<property name="name" value="Porsche"></property>
		<property name="color" value="pink"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

运行刚才的测试方法，运行结果二:

二、构造函数注入:

修改之前的User类，添加两个构造方法(无参的那个方法主要是为了不影响前面的set注入)：

	public User() {
		
	}
	public User(String name, Car car) {
		System.out.println("User constructor with 2 parameter method called!");
		this.name = name;
		this.car = car;
	}

applicationContext.xml文件新增bean元素(constructor-arg属性用于注入构造函数):

       <bean name="user2" class="com.rr.bean.User">
	   <constructor-arg name="name" value="Tony"></constructor-arg>
	   <constructor-arg name="car" ref="car"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>

测试类中新添测试方法二:

	@Test
	public void fun2() {
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		User user = (User)ac.getBean("user2");
		System.out.println(user);
	}

测试结果(在构造函数中没有初始化age字段，所以为null值):

三、p名称空间注入

①修改配置文件applicationContext.xml的约束(中间部分省略):

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
xmlns:p ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ">
<!-- ... -->
</beans>

②以p名称空间方式新建bean:

<bean name="user3" class="com.rr.bean.User" p:name="Jack" p:age="20" p:car-ref="car" >
	</bean>

③添加测试方法:

	@Test
	public void fun3() {
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		User user = (User)ac.getBean("user3");
		System.out.println(user);
	}

运行结果:

四、SPEL(Spring Expression Language)注入：

配置文件中加入(这里取到了之前注入对象的值类型的值，不能取引用类型的值):

    <bean name="user4" class="com.rr.bean.User" >
    	<property name="name" value="#{user.name}"></property>
    	<property name="age" value="#{user3.age}"></property>
    	<property name="car" ref="car"></property>
    </bean>

测试方法:

	@Test
	public void fun4() {
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		User user = (User)ac.getBean("user4");
		System.out.println(user);
	}

运行结果: