给出一个文件（文件、文件夹），一旦给出pathname,stat函数就返回与此命名文件有关的信息结构，fstat函数获取已在描述符fields上打开文件的有关信息。lstat函数类似于stat.但是当命名的文件是一个符号链接时，lstat返回该符号链接的有关信息，而不是由该符号链接引用文件的信息。第二个参数buf是指针，它指向一个我们必须提供的结构，这些函数填写由buf指向的结构。该结构的实际定义可能随实现有所不同.
int stat(const char *restrict pathname,struct stat *restrict buf);
int fstat(int fields,struct stat *buf);
int lstat(const char *restrict pathname,struct stat *restrict buf);
int chmod(const char *, mode_t);
int fchmod(int, mode_t);
int fstat(int, struct stat *);
int lstat(const char *restrict, struct stat *restrict);
int mkdir(const char *, mode_t);
int mkfifo(const char *, mode_t);
int mknod(const char *, mode_t, dev_t);
int stat(const char *restrict, struct stat *restrict);
mode_t umask(mode_t);
//返回值:若成功则返回0,失败则返回-1struct stat{
mode_t st_mode; //文件类型和权限信息
ino_t st_ino; //i结点标识
dev_t st_dev; //device number (file system)
dev_t st_rdev; //device number for special files
nlink_t st_nlink; //符号链接数
uid_t st_uid; //用户ID
gid_t st_gid; //组ID
off_t st_size; //size in bytes,for regular files
time_t st_atime; //最后一次访问的时间
time_t st_mtime; //文件内容最后一次被更改的时间
time_t st_ctime; //文件结构最后一次被更改的时间
blksize_t st_blksize; //best I/O block size
blkcnt_t st_blocks; //number of disk blocks allocated
};文件类型：
普通文件，S_ISREG();
目录文件，S_ISDIR();
块特殊文件，字符特殊文件，套接字，
FIFO，S_ISFIFO();符号链接.
文件类型信息包含在stat结构的st_mode成员中,可以用如下的宏确定文件类型,这些宏是stat结构中的st_mode成员.
S_ISCHR();S_ISBLK();S_ISLNK();S_ISSOCK()#include<sys/stat.h>
/*文件属性*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
struct stat buf;
stat("Demo.c", &buf);
printf("st_mode = %d\n", buf.st_mode);
printf("st_ino = %d\n", buf.st_ino);
printf("st_dev = %d\n", buf.st_dev);
printf("st_rdev = %d\n", buf.st_rdev);
printf("st_nlink = %d\n", buf.st_nlink);
printf("st_uid = %d\n", buf.st_uid);
printf("st_gid = %d\n", buf.st_gid);
printf("st_size = %d\n", buf.st_size);
printf("st_atime = %d\n", buf.st_atime);
printf("st_mtime = %d\n", buf.st_mtime);
printf("st_ctime = %d\n", buf.st_ctime);
printf("st_blksize = %d\n", buf.st_blksize);
printf("st_blocks = %d\n", buf.st_blocks);
char *ptr;
if (S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
ptr="普通文件";
if (S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode))
ptr="目录";
printf("%s\n",ptr);
}$ gcc Demo.c
$ ./a.out
st_mode = 33188
st_ino = 1081915443
st_dev = 2065
st_rdev = 0
st_nlink = 1
st_uid = 532
st_gid = 500
st_size = 2895
st_atime = 1517745734
st_mtime = 1517745603
st_ctime = 1517745603
st_blksize = 4096
st_blocks = 8
普通文件随便给一个CentOS的sys.stat.h文件（/usr/include/sys/stat.h）
/* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1995-2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA. */
/*
* POSIX Standard: 5.6 File Characteristics <sys/stat.h>
*/
#ifndef _SYS_STAT_H
#define _SYS_STAT_H 1
#include <features.h>
#include <bits/types.h> /* For __mode_t and __dev_t. */
#if defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K || defined __USE_MISC \
|| defined __USE_ATFILE
# if defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
# define __need_time_t
# endif
# if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ATFILE
# define __need_timespec
# endif
# include <time.h> /* For time_t resp. timespec. */
#endif
#if defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
/* The Single Unix specification says that some more types are
available here. */
# ifndef __dev_t_defined
typedef __dev_t dev_t;
# define __dev_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __gid_t_defined
typedef __gid_t gid_t;
# define __gid_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __ino_t_defined
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef __ino_t ino_t;
# else
typedef __ino64_t ino_t;
# endif
# define __ino_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __mode_t_defined
typedef __mode_t mode_t;
# define __mode_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __nlink_t_defined
typedef __nlink_t nlink_t;
# define __nlink_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __off_t_defined
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef __off_t off_t;
# else
typedef __off64_t off_t;
# endif
# define __off_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __uid_t_defined
typedef __uid_t uid_t;
# define __uid_t_defined
# endif
#endif /* X/Open */
#ifdef __USE_UNIX98
# ifndef __blkcnt_t_defined
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef __blkcnt_t blkcnt_t;
# else
typedef __blkcnt64_t blkcnt_t;
# endif
# define __blkcnt_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __blksize_t_defined
typedef __blksize_t blksize_t;
# define __blksize_t_defined
# endif
#endif /* Unix98 */
__BEGIN_DECLS
#include <bits/stat.h>
#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
# define S_IFMT __S_IFMT
# define S_IFDIR __S_IFDIR
# define S_IFCHR __S_IFCHR
# define S_IFBLK __S_IFBLK
# define S_IFREG __S_IFREG
# ifdef __S_IFIFO
# define S_IFIFO __S_IFIFO
# endif
# ifdef __S_IFLNK
# define S_IFLNK __S_IFLNK
# endif
# if (defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_UNIX98) \
&& defined __S_IFSOCK
# define S_IFSOCK __S_IFSOCK
# endif
#endif
/* Test macros for file types. */
#define __S_ISTYPE(mode, mask) (((mode) & __S_IFMT) == (mask))
#define S_ISDIR(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFDIR)
#define S_ISCHR(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFCHR)
#define S_ISBLK(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFBLK)
#define S_ISREG(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFREG)
#ifdef __S_IFIFO
# define S_ISFIFO(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFIFO)
#endif
#ifdef __S_IFLNK
# define S_ISLNK(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFLNK)
#endif
#if defined __USE_BSD && !defined __S_IFLNK
# define S_ISLNK(mode) 0
#endif
#if (defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_UNIX98 || defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
&& defined __S_IFSOCK
# define S_ISSOCK(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFSOCK)
#elif defined __USE_XOPEN2K
# define S_ISSOCK(mode) 0
#endif
/* These are from POSIX.1b. If the objects are not implemented using separate
distinct file types, the macros always will evaluate to zero. Unlike the
other S_* macros the following three take a pointer to a `struct stat'
object as the argument. */
#ifdef __USE_POSIX199309
# define S_TYPEISMQ(buf) __S_TYPEISMQ(buf)
# define S_TYPEISSEM(buf) __S_TYPEISSEM(buf)
# define S_TYPEISSHM(buf) __S_TYPEISSHM(buf)
#endif
/* Protection bits. */
#define S_ISUID __S_ISUID /* Set user ID on execution. */
#define S_ISGID __S_ISGID /* Set group ID on execution. */
#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* Save swapped text after use (sticky bit). This is pretty well obsolete. */
# define S_ISVTX __S_ISVTX
#endif
#define S_IRUSR __S_IREAD /* Read by owner. */
#define S_IWUSR __S_IWRITE /* Write by owner. */
#define S_IXUSR __S_IEXEC /* Execute by owner. */
/* Read, write, and execute by owner. */
#define S_IRWXU (__S_IREAD|__S_IWRITE|__S_IEXEC)
#if defined __USE_MISC && defined __USE_BSD
# define S_IREAD S_IRUSR
# define S_IWRITE S_IWUSR
# define S_IEXEC S_IXUSR
#endif
#define S_IRGRP (S_IRUSR >> 3) /* Read by group. */
#define S_IWGRP (S_IWUSR >> 3) /* Write by group. */
#define S_IXGRP (S_IXUSR >> 3) /* Execute by group. */
/* Read, write, and execute by group. */
#define S_IRWXG (S_IRWXU >> 3)
#define S_IROTH (S_IRGRP >> 3) /* Read by others. */
#define S_IWOTH (S_IWGRP >> 3) /* Write by others. */
#define S_IXOTH (S_IXGRP >> 3) /* Execute by others. */
/* Read, write, and execute by others. */
#define S_IRWXO (S_IRWXG >> 3)
#ifdef __USE_BSD
/* Macros for common mode bit masks. */
# define ACCESSPERMS (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO) /* 0777 */
# define ALLPERMS (S_ISUID|S_ISGID|S_ISVTX|S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO)/* 07777 */
# define DEFFILEMODE (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH)/* 0666*/
# define S_BLKSIZE 512 /* Block size for `st_blocks'. */
#endif
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
/* Get file attributes for FILE and put them in BUF. */
extern int stat (__const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat *__restrict __buf) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
/* Get file attributes for the file, device, pipe, or socket
that file descriptor FD is open on and put them in BUF. */
extern int fstat (int __fd, struct stat *__buf) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
#else
# ifdef __REDIRECT_NTH
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (stat, (__const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat *__restrict __buf), stat64)
__nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (fstat, (int __fd, struct stat *__buf), fstat64)
__nonnull ((2));
# else
# define stat stat64
# define fstat fstat64
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int stat64 (__const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat64 *__restrict __buf) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int fstat64 (int __fd, struct stat64 *__buf) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
#endif
#ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Similar to stat, get the attributes for FILE and put them in BUF.
Relative path names are interpreted relative to FD unless FD is
AT_FDCWD. */
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern int fstatat (int __fd, __const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat *__restrict __buf, int __flag)
__THROW __nonnull ((2, 3));
# else
# ifdef __REDIRECT_NTH
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (fstatat, (int __fd, __const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat *__restrict __buf,
int __flag),
fstatat64) __nonnull ((2, 3));
# else
# define fstatat fstatat64
# endif
# endif
# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int fstatat64 (int __fd, __const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat64 *__restrict __buf, int __flag)
__THROW __nonnull ((2, 3));
# endif
#endif
#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
/* Get file attributes about FILE and put them in BUF.
If FILE is a symbolic link, do not follow it. */
extern int lstat (__const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat *__restrict __buf) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
# else
# ifdef __REDIRECT_NTH
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (lstat,
(__const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat *__restrict __buf), lstat64)
__nonnull ((1, 2));
# else
# define lstat lstat64
# endif
# endif
# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int lstat64 (__const char *__restrict __file,
struct stat64 *__restrict __buf)
__THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
# endif
#endif
/* Set file access permissions for FILE to MODE.
If FILE is a symbolic link, this affects its target instead. */
extern int chmod (__const char *__file, __mode_t __mode)
__THROW __nonnull ((1));
#ifdef __USE_BSD
/* Set file access permissions for FILE to MODE.
If FILE is a symbolic link, this affects the link itself
rather than its target. */
extern int lchmod (__const char *__file, __mode_t __mode)
__THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif
/* Set file access permissions of the file FD is open on to MODE. */
#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
extern int fchmod (int __fd, __mode_t __mode) __THROW;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Set file access permissions of FILE relative to
the directory FD is open on. */
extern int fchmodat (int __fd, __const char *__file, __mode_t __mode,
int __flag)
__THROW __nonnull ((2)) __wur;
#endif /* Use ATFILE. */
/* Set the file creation mask of the current process to MASK,
and return the old creation mask. */
extern __mode_t umask (__mode_t __mask) __THROW;
#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Get the current `umask' value without changing it.
This function is only available under the GNU Hurd. */
extern __mode_t getumask (void) __THROW;
#endif
/* Create a new directory named PATH, with permission bits MODE. */
extern int mkdir (__const char *__path, __mode_t __mode)
__THROW __nonnull ((1));
#ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Like mkdir, create a new directory with permission bits MODE. But
interpret relative PATH names relative to the directory associated
with FD. */
extern int mkdirat (int __fd, __const char *__path, __mode_t __mode)
__THROW __nonnull ((2));
#endif
/* Create a device file named PATH, with permission and special bits MODE
and device number DEV (which can be constructed from major and minor
device numbers with the `makedev' macro above). */
#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
extern int mknod (__const char *__path, __mode_t __mode, __dev_t __dev)
__THROW __nonnull ((1));
# ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Like mknod, create a new device file with permission bits MODE and
device number DEV. But interpret relative PATH names relative to
the directory associated with FD. */
extern int mknodat (int __fd, __const char *__path, __mode_t __mode,
__dev_t __dev) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
# endif
#endif
/* Create a new FIFO named PATH, with permission bits MODE. */
extern int mkfifo (__const char *__path, __mode_t __mode)
__THROW __nonnull ((1));
#ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Like mkfifo, create a new FIFO with permission bits MODE. But
interpret relative PATH names relative to the directory associated
with FD. */
extern int mkfifoat (int __fd, __const char *__path, __mode_t __mode)
__THROW __nonnull ((2));
#endif
#ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Set file access and modification times relative to directory file
descriptor. */
extern int utimensat (int __fd, __const char *__path,
__const struct timespec __times[2],
int __flags)
__THROW __nonnull ((2));
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* Set file access and modification times of the file associated with FD. */
extern int futimens (int __fd, __const struct timespec __times[2]) __THROW;
#endif
/* To allow the `struct stat' structure and the file type `mode_t'
bits to vary without changing shared library major version number,
the `stat' family of functions and `mknod' are in fact inline
wrappers around calls to `xstat', `fxstat', `lxstat', and `xmknod',
which all take a leading version-number argument designating the
data structure and bits used. <bits/stat.h> defines _STAT_VER with
the version number corresponding to `struct stat' as defined in
that file; and _MKNOD_VER with the version number corresponding to
the S_IF* macros defined therein. It is arranged that when not
inlined these function are always statically linked; that way a
dynamically-linked executable always encodes the version number
corresponding to the data structures it uses, so the `x' functions
in the shared library can adapt without needing to recompile all
callers. */
#ifndef _STAT_VER
# define _STAT_VER 0
#endif
#ifndef _MKNOD_VER
# define _MKNOD_VER 0
#endif
/* Wrappers for stat and mknod system calls. */
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern int __fxstat (int __ver, int __fildes, struct stat *__stat_buf)
__THROW __nonnull ((3));
extern int __xstat (int __ver, __const char *__filename,
struct stat *__stat_buf) __THROW __nonnull ((2, 3));
extern int __lxstat (int __ver, __const char *__filename,
struct stat *__stat_buf) __THROW __nonnull ((2, 3));
extern int __fxstatat (int __ver, int __fildes, __const char *__filename,
struct stat *__stat_buf, int __flag)
__THROW __nonnull ((3, 4));
#else
# ifdef __REDIRECT_NTH
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (__fxstat, (int __ver, int __fildes,
struct stat *__stat_buf), __fxstat64)
__nonnull ((3));
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (__xstat, (int __ver, __const char *__filename,
struct stat *__stat_buf), __xstat64)
__nonnull ((2, 3));
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (__lxstat, (int __ver, __const char *__filename,
struct stat *__stat_buf), __lxstat64)
__nonnull ((2, 3));
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (__fxstatat, (int __ver, int __fildes,
__const char *__filename,
struct stat *__stat_buf, int __flag),
__fxstatat64) __nonnull ((3, 4));
# else
# define __fxstat __fxstat64
# define __xstat __xstat64
# define __lxstat __lxstat64
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int __fxstat64 (int __ver, int __fildes, struct stat64 *__stat_buf)
__THROW __nonnull ((3));
extern int __xstat64 (int __ver, __const char *__filename,
struct stat64 *__stat_buf) __THROW __nonnull ((2, 3));
extern int __lxstat64 (int __ver, __const char *__filename,
struct stat64 *__stat_buf) __THROW __nonnull ((2, 3));
extern int __fxstatat64 (int __ver, int __fildes, __const char *__filename,
struct stat64 *__stat_buf, int __flag)
__THROW __nonnull ((3, 4));
#endif
extern int __xmknod (int __ver, __const char *__path, __mode_t __mode,
__dev_t *__dev) __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
extern int __xmknodat (int __ver, int __fd, __const char *__path,
__mode_t __mode, __dev_t *__dev)
__THROW __nonnull ((3, 5));
#if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 2 && defined __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
/* Inlined versions of the real stat and mknod functions. */
__extern_inline int
__NTH (stat (__const char *__path, struct stat *__statbuf))
{
return __xstat (_STAT_VER, __path, __statbuf);
}
# if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
__extern_inline int
__NTH (lstat (__const char *__path, struct stat *__statbuf))
{
return __lxstat (_STAT_VER, __path, __statbuf);
}
# endif
__extern_inline int
__NTH (fstat (int __fd, struct stat *__statbuf))
{
return __fxstat (_STAT_VER, __fd, __statbuf);
}
# ifdef __USE_ATFILE
__extern_inline int
__NTH (fstatat (int __fd, __const char *__filename, struct stat *__statbuf,
int __flag))
{
return __fxstatat (_STAT_VER, __fd, __filename, __statbuf, __flag);
}
# endif
# if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_BSD
__extern_inline int
__NTH (mknod (__const char *__path, __mode_t __mode, __dev_t __dev))
{
return __xmknod (_MKNOD_VER, __path, __mode, &__dev);
}
# endif
# ifdef __USE_ATFILE
__extern_inline int
__NTH (mknodat (int __fd, __const char *__path, __mode_t __mode,
__dev_t __dev))
{
return __xmknodat (_MKNOD_VER, __fd, __path, __mode, &__dev);
}
# endif
# if defined __USE_LARGEFILE64 \
&& (! defined __USE_FILE_OFFSET64 \
|| (defined __REDIRECT_NTH && defined __OPTIMIZE__))
__extern_inline int
__NTH (stat64 (__const char *__path, struct stat64 *__statbuf))
{
return __xstat64 (_STAT_VER, __path, __statbuf);
}
# if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
__extern_inline int
__NTH (lstat64 (__const char *__path, struct stat64 *__statbuf))
{
return __lxstat64 (_STAT_VER, __path, __statbuf);
}
# endif
__extern_inline int
__NTH (fstat64 (int __fd, struct stat64 *__statbuf))
{
return __fxstat64 (_STAT_VER, __fd, __statbuf);
}
# ifdef __USE_ATFILE
__extern_inline int
__NTH (fstatat64 (int __fd, __const char *__filename, struct stat64 *__statbuf,
int __flag))
{
return __fxstatat64 (_STAT_VER, __fd, __filename, __statbuf, __flag);
}
# endif
# endif
#endif
__END_DECLS
#endif /* sys/stat.h */
扫一扫
1167
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
