JAVA–图形用户界面编程（GUI）
文章目录
图形用户界面编程的概述
1、图形用户界面（Graphical User Interface，简称 GUI，又称图形用户接口）是指采用图形方式显示的计算机操作用户界面。
2、Java应用程序的图形用户界面是通过Java API提供的java.awt或java.swing包中的组件实现的。这些组件构成的GUI系统通常包括一下几个部分
- 最基本的图形用户界面组件，如菜单、按钮、文本字段等，展示系统可用的操作。
- 容器组件，如窗口、面板等，用于容纳基本组件
- 布局管理组件，负责容器中的组件布局，可进一步美化图形用户界面界面
- 事件的处理用户通过图形界面进行操作时，会引发相应的事件，这些事件由一些特定的图形用户界面组件监听并处理
GUI编程基础
AWT中主要类的继承关系
Swing中主要类的继承关系
常用组件与容器
顶层容器（JFrame、JDialog）
- JFrame
JFrame窗体是一个容器，它是Swing程序中各个组件的载体，可以将JFrame看作是承载着血Swing组件的容器。在开发应用程序时，可以通过继承java.swing.JFrame类创建一个窗体。在这个窗体中添加组件，同时为组件设置事件。
package Demo01;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
public class jFrameTest extends JFrame{
public jFrameTest() {
// JFrame f = new JFrame("测试窗口");
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLocation(600,300);
setSize(500, 350);
Container c = getContentPane();
c.setBackground(Color.gray);
JLabel l = new JLabel("测试窗口");
c.add(l);
// c.remove(l);
c.validate();
setContentPane(c);
setResizable(true);
// setBounds(500, 200,400, 400);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame f = new JFrame("测试窗口");
new jFrameTest();
}
}
- JDialog
JDialog窗体是Swing组件中的对话框，它继承了AWT组件中java.awt.Dialog类。
JDialog窗体的功能是从另外一个窗体中弹出另外一个窗体，就像是在使用IE浏览器时弹出的确定对话框一样。JDialog窗体实质上就是另一种类型的窗体，它与JFrame窗体类似，在使用时也需要调用getCOntentPane()方法将窗体转换成容器，然后在容器中 设置窗体的特性。
package Demo01;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
public class JDialogTest extends JDialog{
public JDialogTest() {
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// new JDialogTest();
JDialog jd = new JDialog();
jd.setVisible(true);
jd.setBounds(200,200,400,400);
Container c =jd.getContentPane();
c.add(new JLabel("测试"));
c.setBackground(Color.pink);
}
}
package button;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class MyDialog {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JLabel la = new JLabel();
int n = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "请点击按钮");
if (n==0)
la.setText("您点击了按钮\"是\"!");
else if(n==1)
la.setText("您点击了按钮\"否\"!");
else if(n==2)
la.setText("您点击了按钮\"取消\"!");
}
}
中间容器
package Demo01;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Label;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class DialogDemo01 extends JDialog {
public DialogDemo01(JFrame jframe) {
super(jframe,true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
Container container1= this.getContentPane();
container1.setLayout(null);
//container.add(new Label(" "));
JButton button1=new JButton("测试");
button1.setBounds(30, 30, 200,50);
container1.add(button1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame j=new JFrame();
j.setVisible(true);
j.setBounds(100,100,700,500);
j.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container= j.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
JButton button=new JButton("测试");
button.setBounds(30, 30, 200,50);
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
DialogDemo01 s=new DialogDemo01(j);
s.setVisible(true);
System.out.println("测试成功");
}
});
container.add(button);
}
}
标签
package Demo02;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class JPaneDemo extends JFrame {
public JPaneDemo() {
Container container1= this.getContentPane();
container1.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
JPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
panel.add(new JButton("1"));
panel.add(new JButton("2"));
panel.add(new JButton("3"));
container1.add(panel);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,400,400);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPaneDemo();
}
}
按钮
package Demo02;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class JPaneDemo extends JFrame {
public JPaneDemo() {
Container container1= this.getContentPane();
container1.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
JPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
panel.add(new JButton("1"));
panel.add(new JButton("2"));
panel.add(new JButton("3"));
container1.add(panel);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,400,400);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPaneDemo();
}
}
文本框
package Demo01;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame{
public TestTextDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JTextField textfild1 = new JTextField("测试01");
JTextField textfild2 = new JTextField("测试02");
container.add(textfild1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(textfild2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setBounds(500, 250, 500, 500);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo01();
}
}
布局管理
FlowLayout布局管理器
package Demo03;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import javax.swing.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame j=new JFrame();
j.setVisible(true);
j.setBounds(100,100,700,500);
j.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//j.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
//j.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
j.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
JButton button1=new JButton("button1");
JButton button2=new JButton("button2");
JButton button3=new JButton("button3");
JButton button4=new JButton("button4");
JButton button5=new JButton("button5");
JButton button6=new JButton("button6");
j.add(button1);
j.add(button2);
j.add(button3);
j.add(button4);
j.add(button5);
j.add(button6);
}
}
BorderLayout布局管理器
package Demo03;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame j=new JFrame();
j.setVisible(true);
j.setBounds(100,100,700,500);
j.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JButton east=new JButton("east");
JButton west=new JButton("west");
JButton south=new JButton("south");
JButton north=new JButton("north");
JButton center=new JButton("我");
j.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
j.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
j.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
j.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
j.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
}
GridLayout布局管理器
package Demo03;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class TestGrid {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame j=new JFrame();
j.setVisible(true);
j.setBounds(100,100,700,500);
j.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
j.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
JButton button1=new JButton("button1");
button1.setSize(50,50);
JButton button2=new JButton("button2");
JButton button3=new JButton("button3");
JButton button4=new JButton("button4");
JButton button5=new JButton("button5");
//JButton button6=new JButton("button6");
j.add(button1);
j.add(button2);
j.add(button3);
j.add(button4);
j.add(button5);
//j.add(button6);
//j.pack();
}
}
事件的类型和处理方法
- 低级事件
| 事件类名 | 事件描述 |
|---|---|
| FocusEvent | 在组件获得焦点或失去焦点时产生的事件 |
| MouseEvent | 用户对鼠标操作所产生的事件 |
| KeyEvent | 用户对键盘操作所产生的事件 |
| WindowEvent | 用户对窗口所以产生的事件 |
- 语义事件
- 键盘事件的处理
package Demo03;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends JFrame{
public KeyFrame() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.pack();
this.setBounds(500, 250, 500, 500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.addKeyListener((KeyListener) new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int Keycode = e.getKeyCode();
System.out.println(Keycode);
if (Keycode==KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
System.out.println("您点击了↑");
}if (Keycode==KeyEvent.VK_W) {
System.out.println("您点击了↓");
} else {
}
}
});
}
}
- 鼠标事件的处理
package Demo03;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class TextMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("测试");
}
}
class MyFrame extends JFrame{
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
this.setVisible(true);
// this.pack();
this.setBounds(500, 250, 500, 500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
points = new ArrayList<>();
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
// public void addPaint(Point point) {
// points.add(point);
// }
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Iterator iterator=points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Point point=(Point)iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.cyan);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
public void addPaint(Point point) {
points.add(point);
}
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame myFrame =(MyFrame) e.getSource();
System.out.println("X"+e.getX()+"Y"+e.getY());
myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
myFrame.repaint();
}
}
//private class MyMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
综合联动测试
package JFrame1;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class lss {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame j = new JFrame("按钮测试");
j.setVisible(true);
j.setBounds(600,300,300,150);
j.setDefaultCloseOperation(j.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JButton b1 = new JButton("上");
JButton b2 = new JButton("下");
j.add(b1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
j.add(b2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
JLabel l = new JLabel("",SwingConstants.CENTER);
j.add(l,BorderLayout.CENTER);
b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getActionCommand().equals("上")){
l.setText("你点击了上方按钮");
}
}
});
b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getActionCommand().equals("下")){
l.setText("你点击了下方按钮");
}
}
});
}
}
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