08情态动词(1):知识点
- 情态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
- 情态动词是时表词
- 情态动词后加动词原型
一、情态动词(12个)
高光部分不是情态动词,但是具有情态动词的特性。
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can, could
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will, would
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may, might
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must, have to
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shall, should, ought to, be supposed to do
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need, dare
二、can / could
1、能力
could 是can的过去式
例句:Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?有说英语的能力吗?
Could you speak English?(以前)
2、许可
could 比 can 更委婉
例句:Can you speak English? 你可以说英语吗?本身是会说英语的
Could you speak English?(语气更委婉)
3、推测
can不能用于肯定句,could均可以用
【知识点】四种句型:肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
can有两种情况下可用于肯定句:
①理论上不可能而实际有可能时
例句:经验丰富的老师也可能会犯错:Experienced teachers can also make mistakes.
②can加only时
例句:他只可能是我的老师:He can only be my teacher
4、有时
can+be/get
例句:北京夏天有时候很冷:Beijing can be very cold in summer
5、惊讶,怀疑
例句:你怎么能是个老师呢?:How can you be a teacher?
三、will / would
1、将要 区别be going to(准备、计划)、 will(会进行的动作)
would是will的过去时
区别be going to(准备、计划、将要)、 will(会,执行动作的结果)
例句:我会完成这件事情的 I will finish this thing.
我准备完成这件事情 I am going to finish this thing.
2、提出建议或请求
would比will更委婉
例句:你能关一下门吗?:Will/Would you close the door
3、would like 是由want和like变时表词而来
【知识点】情态动词是时表词
Do you want/like a cup of coffee? do 变为would
Would you want/like a cup of coffee?
4、过去或现在的习惯,倾向性 will现在,would过去
例句:我现在习惯晚上跑步:I will run at night
我以前习惯晚上跑步:I would run at night
四、may / might
1、允许
表请求允许时,只能用在第一人称疑问句中,might比may更委婉;
表给予允许时,只能用在第二三人陈述句中,只能用may。
例句:我可以进来吗?:May/Might i come in?
2、推测
may不能用于疑问句句首,也就是不能用于一般疑问句,might比may的可能性更小,如果想变大,加well,表示加强语气。
例句:他什么时候可以完成作业 when may/might he finish his homework?
他可以完成作业吗? Might he finish his homework?
3、祝愿
may+陈述句(动词用原型)
例句:希望你快乐!May you be happy!
4、不妨,还是
may/might+as well
例句:你不妨试一下。You might as well have a try.
五、must / have to
1、must表主观意愿,一定。 have to 表被迫完成,由外物决定,不得不
例句:我一定要早起 I must wake up early.
我不得不早起 I have to wake up early.(因为要上学,因为有会议要参加)
2、must可以表示推测,mustn’t和have to不可以表示推测
例句:他一定是个老师 He must be a teacher.
3、对must的否定回答,要用not have to 或not need to
例句:我一定要早起吗?Must i wake up early?
不,你不需要. No you don’t have to /need to wake up early.
六、shall / should / ought to / be supposed to
1、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表征求意见;用于第二三人称陈述句中表命令,警告,承诺,决心等。
例句:我给你拿把椅子怎么样?Shall i get you a chair?
你再不能这么做了!You shall never do it again!
2、ought to 比 should语气重,场合更正式,在书面和合同里会用ought to
例句:你应该努力学习。You should study hard.
你真的应该努力学习。You ought to study hard.
3、should等于be supposed to ,可表推测
be supposed to do 指是有情态动词的特征 后面加动词原形
七、need需要 / dare敢
1、need和dare有情态动词与实义动词两种用法。
- 在疑问句与否定句中,两种都可以用
例句:他需要走吗? Need he go?(情态动词,时表词) Dose he need to go?(实义动词) - 在肯定句中只能用实义动词
例句:他需要走。He needs to go.
2. need doing表被动
例句:这车需要被洗。 The car needs washing. = The car needs to be washed.