用matlab解微分方程

研究了使用matlab如何解微分方程。

考虑如下微分方程。

$$\{\begin{array}{c}\dot{x}=-by\\ \dot{y}=-ax\end{array},\{\begin{array}{c}x(0)=x_0\\ y(0)=y_0\end{array}$$

其解为

$$\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{(\sqrt{a}{x}_0+\sqrt{b}{y}_0)e^{-\sqrt{ab}t}+(\sqrt{a}{x}_0-\sqrt{b}{y}_0)e^{\sqrt{ab}t}}{2\sqrt{a}}\\ y=\frac{(\sqrt{a}{x}_0+\sqrt{b}{y}_0)e^{-\sqrt{ab}t}-(\sqrt{a}{x}_0-\sqrt{b}{y}_0)e^{\sqrt{ab}t}}{2\sqrt{b}}\end{array}$$

用MATLAB代码来解这个微分方程，代码为

S1 = dsolve('Dx = -b*y', 'Dy = -a*x', 'y(0) = y0', 'x(0) = x0');
y = S1.y
x = S1.x

结果为

y =
 
(exp(-t*(a*b)^(1/2))*(a*x0 + y0*(a*b)^(1/2)))/(2*(a*b)^(1/2)) - (exp(t*(a*b)^(1/2))*(a*x0 - y0*(a*b)^(1/2)))/(2*(a*b)^(1/2))
 
 
x =
 
(exp(t*(a*b)^(1/2))*(a*x0 - y0*(a*b)^(1/2)))/(2*a) + (exp(-t*(a*b)^(1/2))*(a*x0 + y0*(a*b)^(1/2)))/(2*a)

把结果写成代数形式，为

$$\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{e^{\sqrt{ab}t}(a{x}_0-\sqrt{ab}{y}_0)+e^{-\sqrt{ab}t}(a{x}_0+\sqrt{ab}{y}_0)}{2a}\\ y=\frac{e^{-\sqrt{ab}t}(a{x}_0+\sqrt{ab}{y}_0)-e^{\sqrt{ab}t}(a{x}_0-\sqrt{ab}{y}_0)}{2\sqrt{ab}}\end{array}$$

和用手算的结果一样，也就是说用MATLAB可以解代数微分方程。