基于UDP实现用户数据互传案例

UDP--User Datagram Protocol,用户数据报协议.是一个无连接的协议,以数据报文单位进行数据传输,每个数据报是一个独立信息,其中包括目标主机IP地址和端口.

主要用到了DatagramSocket类和DatagramPacket类来实现

UDP特点:

1)将数据及源和目的封装成数据包中，不需要建立连接
2)每个数据报的大小在限制在64k内
3)因无连接，是不可靠协议
4)不需要建立连接，速度快

实现步骤:

1)DatagramSocket与DatagramPacket
2)建立发送端，接收端。
3)建立数据包。
4)调用Socket的发送接收方法。
5)关闭Socket。
发送端与接收端是两个独立的运行程序。

☆发送端

在发送端，要在数据包对象中明确目的地IP及端口。

DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
byte[] by = “hello,udp”.getBytes();
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(by,0,by.length,
	InetAddress.getByName(“127.0.0.1”),10000);
ds.send(dp);
ds.close();

☆接收端

在接收端，要指定监听的端口。

DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(10000);
byte[] by = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(by,by.length);
ds.receive(dp);
String str = new String(dp.getData(),0,dp.getLength());
System.out.println(str+"--"+dp.getAddress());
ds.close();

实战 练习：UDP聊天程序

1)通过键盘录入获取要发送的信息。
2)将发送和接收分别封装到两个线程中。

路人甲:

package cn.hucu.UDP.udp.chat.one;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UDPChat {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		//1创建ds--socket
		//如果空参数,由系统随便给我们分配一个端口号发送--凡是socket通讯都要有端口号
		DatagramSocket send = new DatagramSocket(10003);
		DatagramSocket receive = new DatagramSocket(10004);
		new Thread(new Send(send)).start();   //使用线程
		new Thread(new Receive(receive)).start();
	}

}

class Send implements Runnable {
	private DatagramSocket ds;

	public Send(DatagramSocket ds) {
		this.ds = ds;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// 源:System.in
		// 目的:socket + dp
		BufferedReader br = null;
		try {
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			String line = null;
			while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
				//2创建dp--数据包
				byte buf[] = line.getBytes();
				DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length,
						InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 10002); // 改成对方IP
				//3发送  ---选用socket把数据包发送出去
				ds.send(dp);
				if ("over".equalsIgnoreCase("line")) {
					break;
				}
			}
			//4关流
			ds.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally{
			if(ds!=null){
				ds.close();
			}
			if(br!=null){
				try {
					br.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new RuntimeException("关流失败,很危险!");
				}
			}
		}
	} 
}

class Receive implements Runnable {
	private DatagramSocket ds;

	public Receive(DatagramSocket ds) {
		this.ds = ds;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		byte buf[] = new byte[512];
		try {		
			DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
			ds.receive(dp);

			// 解析数据包
			//4从dp中把数据解析出来----获取对方的ip
			String ip = dp.getAddress().getHostAddress();// 记录发送方的IP地址
			String str = new String(dp.getData(), 0, dp.getLength());
			System.out.println(ip + "说:" + str);
			if ("Over".equalsIgnoreCase(str)) {
				System.out.println(ip + "离开聊天室....");
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

路人乙:

package cn.hucu.UDP.udp.chat.two;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UDPChat {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		DatagramSocket send = new DatagramSocket(10001);
		DatagramSocket receive = new DatagramSocket(10002);
		new Thread(new Send(send)).start();
		new Thread(new Receive(receive)).start();
	}
}

class Send implements Runnable {
	private DatagramSocket ds;

	public Send(DatagramSocket ds) {

		this.ds = ds;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		BufferedReader br = null;
		try {
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			String line = null;
			while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
				byte buf[] = new byte[512];
				DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length,
						InetAddress.getByName("192.168.0.1"), 10004); //IP要改成对方的IP
				ds.send(dp);
				if ("voer".equalsIgnoreCase("line")) {
					break;
				}
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (br != null) {
				try {
					br.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new RuntimeException("关流失败!!");
				}
				if (ds != null) {
					ds.close();
				}

			}
		}

	}
}

class Receive implements Runnable {
	private DatagramSocket ds;

	public Receive(DatagramSocket ds) {
		this.ds = ds;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		byte buf[] = new byte[512];
		try {

			DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
			ds.receive(dp);

			// 解析数据包
			String ip = dp.getAddress().getHostAddress();
			// int port = dp.getPort(); 获取端口号
			String str = new String(dp.getData(), 0, dp.getLength());

			System.out.println(ip + "说:" + str);
			if ("Over".equalsIgnoreCase(str)) {
				System.out.println(ip + "离开聊天室....");
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

}

这里应该是不够完善的,不过会再改进!!!!!