网络编程：基于TCP搭建一个网络聊天室

服务器端代码主要实现以下功能：

1. 创建并绑定一个套接字，监听来自客户端的连接请求。
2. 获取来自客户端的消息，并将该消息广播给所有已连接的客户端。
3. 利用互斥量保护共享资源，防止多个线程同时修改此资源导致数据竞争问题。
4. 创建一个独立的线程处理每个已连接的客户端，以便在服务器并发处理多个客户端请求时能够提高效率。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define MAX_CLIENTS 100
#define MAX_MSG_LEN 1024

#define PORT 5555  //1024-49151
#define IP "192.168.8.113" //本机ip地址 用ifconfig查看


struct message {
    char username[50];
    char content[MAX_MSG_LEN];
};

int clients[MAX_CLIENTS];
pthread_mutex_t clients_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

void send_message(struct message msg, int self) 
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&clients_mutex);
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; i++)
	{
        if (clients[i] && i != self) {
            send(clients[i], &msg, sizeof(msg), 0);
        }
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&clients_mutex);
}

void *handle_client(void *arg) 
{
	int client_fd = (int)(intptr_t)arg;
    struct message msg;
    recv(client_fd, &msg, sizeof(msg), 0);
    printf("%s 加入聊天室\n", msg.username);

    while (1)
	{
        if (recv(client_fd, &msg, sizeof(msg), 0) <= 0) 
		{
            pthread_mutex_lock(&clients_mutex);
            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; i++)
			{
                if (clients[i] == client_fd)
				{
                    printf("%s 离开聊天室\n", msg.username);
                    clients[i] = 0;
                    break;
                }
            }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&clients_mutex);
            break;
        } else {
            printf("%s: %s\n", msg.username, msg.content);
            send_message(msg, client_fd);
        }
    }

    close(client_fd);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
    int server_fd, client_fd, valread;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);

    memset(clients, 0, MAX_CLIENTS * sizeof(int));

    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) 
	{
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt)))
	{
        perror("setsockopt failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);   
	address.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) 
	{
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) 
	{
        perror("listen failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("服务器开启端口号: %d\n", PORT);
    printf("等待客户端连接...\n");

    while (1) {
        if ((client_fd = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t *)&addrlen)) < 0) 
		{
            perror("accept failed");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; i++) 
		{
            if (clients[i] == 0) 
			{
                clients[i] = client_fd;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (i == MAX_CLIENTS) {
            printf("客户端连接失败\n");
            close(client_fd);
            continue;
        }

        pthread_t new_thread;
		if (pthread_create(&new_thread, NULL, handle_client, (void *)(intptr_t)client_fd) != 0)
		{
            printf("线程创建失败\n");
            continue;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

 

客户端端代码主要实现以下功能：

1. 创建并连接到服务器套接字。
2. 接收来自其他客户端的消息并将其输出到终端。
3. 向服务器发送该客户端所发送的消息，以便与其他客户端进行交流。
4. 创建一个独立的线程接收来自服务器的消息并将其输出到终端，以避免阻塞 UI 线程。

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define MAX_USERNAME_LEN 50
#define MAX_MSG_LEN 1024

#define PORT 5555  //1024-49151
#define IP "192.168.8.113" //本机ip地址 用ifconfig查看

struct message
{
    char username[MAX_USERNAME_LEN];
    char content[MAX_MSG_LEN];
};

void *recv_message(void *arg) 
{
    int sockfd = *(int *)arg;
    struct message msg;

    while (1) 
	{
        ssize_t len = recv(sockfd, &msg, sizeof(msg), 0);
        if (len <= 0)
		{
            fprintf(stderr, "错误: 服务器断开连接 \n");
            break;
        } else if (len != sizeof(msg)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "错误: 接收消息长度不符 \n");
            continue;
        } else {
            printf("%s: %s\n", msg.username, msg.content);
        }
    }

    close(sockfd); // 关闭套接字
    exit(0);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
  
    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    char username[MAX_USERNAME_LEN];
    char password[MAX_USERNAME_LEN];
    struct message msg;

    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) 
	{
        fprintf(stderr, "错误: 套接字创建失败 \n");
        exit(1);
    }

    memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);


    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, IP, &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) 
	{
        fprintf(stderr, "错误: 无效地址 \n");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) 
	{
        fprintf(stderr, "错误: 连接服务器失败 \n");
        exit(1);
    }

    printf("请输入账户: ");
    fgets(username, MAX_USERNAME_LEN, stdin);
    username[strlen(username) - 1] = '\0';
    printf("请输入密码: ");
    fgets(password, MAX_USERNAME_LEN, stdin);
    password[strlen(password) - 1] = '\0';

    // 对用户名和密码进行验证

    strcpy(msg.username, username);
    if (send(sockfd, &msg, sizeof(msg), 0) == -1) 
	{
        fprintf(stderr, "错误: 发送消息失败 \n");
        close(sockfd); // 关闭套接字
        exit(1);
    }

    pthread_t thread_id;
    pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, recv_message, (void *)&sockfd);

    while (1) 
	{
        printf("发送消息: ");
        fgets(msg.content, MAX_MSG_LEN, stdin);
        msg.content[strlen(msg.content) - 1] = '\0';

        if (send(sockfd, &msg, sizeof(msg), 0) == -1) 
		{
            fprintf(stderr, "错误: 发送消息失败 \n");
            break;
        }
    }

    pthread_cancel(thread_id);
    close(sockfd);

    return 0;
}

代码运行结果示例：