C++Primer第五版 第一章习题答案

练习1.3

编写程序，在标准输出上打印 Hello, World。

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello, World" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

练习1.4

我们的程序使用加法运算符+来将两个数相加。编写程序使用乘法运算符*，来打印两个数的积。

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Enter two numbers:" << std::endl;
    int v1 = 0, v2 = 0;
    std::cin >> v1 >> v2;
    std::cout << "The product of " << v1 << " and " << v2 << " is " << v1 * v2 << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

练习1.5

我们将所有输出操作放在一条很长的语句中。重写程序，将每个运算对象的打印操作放在一条独立的语句中。

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Enter two number:" << std::endl;
    int v1 = 0, v2 = 0;
    std::cin >> v1 >> v2;
    std::cout << "The product of ";
    std::cout << v1;
    std::cout << " and ";
    std::cout << v2;
    std::cout << " is ";
    std::cout << v1 * v2;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

练习1.6

解释下面程序片段是否合法。

      不合法。输出运算符（<<）左侧的运算对象要是一个iostream对象，这里第一行最后有分号结束了这一句，第二行的（<<）左边没有iostream对象。

      改正：去掉第一行最后的分号。

练习1.8

指出下列哪些输出语句是合法的(如果有的话)：

std::cout << "/*";
std::cout << "*/";
std::cout << /* "*/" */;
std::cout << /* "*/" /* "/*" */;

       输入编译器后，编译器的提示，这里编译器提示的第四行的std下有红线，是因为上一句错误，导致编译器认为上一行语句还没结束

       第三行不合法语句应该修改成

std::cout << /* "*/" */";       //在最后加一个引号

       修改后，四条语句输出的结果是

std::cout << "/*";                    // 输出 '/*'
std::cout << "*/";                    // 输出 '*/'
std::cout << /* "*/" */";             // 输出 ' */'
std::cout << /* "*/" /* "/*" */;      // 输出 ' /* '

练习1. 9

编写程序，使用while循环将50到100的整数相加。

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int sum = 0, val = 50;
    while (val <= 100)
    {
        sum += val;
        ++val;
    }
    std::cout << "Sum of 50 to 100 inclusive is " << sum << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

练习1.10

除了++运算符将运算对象的值增加1之外，还有一个递减运算符（–）实现将值减少1。编写程序，使用递减运算符在循环中按递减顺序打印出10到0之间的整数。

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int val = 10;
    while (val >=0)
    {
        std::cout << val << std::endl;
        --val;
    }

    return 0;
}

练习1.11

编写程序，提示用户输入两个整数，打印出这两个整数所指定的范围内的所有整数。

       在打印这两个数所指定的范围内的所有整数之前，先比较两个数的大小，并把小的数赋给small，大的赋给big。

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int small = 0, big = 0;
    std::cout << "Please enter two integers:";
    std::cin >> small >> big;

    if (small > big) {
        int tmp = small;
        small = big;
        big = tmp;
    }

    while (small <= big) {
        std::cout << small << " ";
        ++small;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

练习1.12

下面的for循环完成了什么功能？sum的终值是多少？

int sum = 0;
for (int i = -100; i <= 100; ++i)
  sum += i;

       这个for循环的作用是求-100到100的和，sum的终值是0。

练习1.13

使用for循环重做1.4.1节中的所有练习（第11页）。

       练习1.9的for循环版

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 50; i <= 100; ++i)
        sum += i;

    std::cout << "the sum is: " << sum << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

       练习1.10的for循环版

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    for (int i = 10; i >= 0; --i)
        std::cout << i << " ";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

       练习1.11的for循环版

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int small = 0, big = 0;
    std::cout << "Please enter two integers:";
    std::cin >> small >> big;

    if (small > big) {
        int tmp = small;
        small = big;
        big = tmp;
    }

    for (int i = small; i <= big; ++i)
        std::cout << i << " ";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

练习1.14

对比for循环和while循环，两种形式的优缺点各是什么？

while的优点和缺点:

• 循环控制变量的初始化在while语句之前，循环控制变量的改变在while循环体中
• 比较适用于不知道具体循环次数的情况

for的优点和缺点:

• 形式简洁，循环控制变量的初始化和修改都放在语句头部分
• 比较适用于已知循环次数的情况

练习1.16

编写程序，从cin读取一组数，输出其和。

#include <iostream>

int main()
{	
    int num,sum = 0;
    while ( std::cin >> num )
    {
        sum += num;
    }
    std::cout << sum << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

练习1.17

如果输入的所有值都是相等的，本节的程序会输出什么？如果没有重复值，输出又会是怎样的？

       如果输出的所有值全都是相等的，会打印出输入值的次数。

       如果没有重复的值，在回车单击时打印上一个数出现一次。

练习1.20

在网站http://www.informit.com/title/032174113 上，第1章的代码目录包含了头文件 Sales_item.h。将它拷贝到你自己的工作目录中。用它编写一个程序，读取一组书籍销售记录，将每条记录打印到标准输出上。

/*
* This file contains code from "C++ Primer, Fifth Edition", by Stanley B.
* Lippman, Josee Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo, and is covered under the
* copyright and warranty notices given in that book:
*
* "Copyright (c) 2013 by Objectwrite, Inc., Josee Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo."
*
*
* "The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book,
* but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no
* responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for
* incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the
* use of the information or programs contained herein."
*
* Permission is granted for this code to be used for educational purposes in
* association with the book, given proper citation if and when posted or
* reproduced.Any commercial use of this code requires the explicit written
* permission of the publisher, Addison-Wesley Professional, a division of
* Pearson Education, Inc. Send your request for permission, stating clearly
* what code you would like to use, and in what specific way, to the following
* address:
*
*     Pearson Education, Inc.
*     Rights and Permissions Department
*     One Lake Street
*     Upper Saddle River, NJ  07458
*     Fax: (201) 236-3290
*/
 
/* This file defines the Sales_item class used in chapter 1.
* The code used in this file will be explained in
* Chapter 7 (Classes) and Chapter 14 (Overloaded Operators)
* Readers shouldn't try to understand the code in this file
* until they have read those chapters.
*/
 
#ifndef SALESITEM_H
// we're here only if SALESITEM_H has not yet been defined 
#define SALESITEM_H
 
 
// Definition of Sales_item class and related functions goes here
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
class Sales_item {
	// these declarations are explained section 7.2.1, p. 270 
	// and in chapter 14, pages 557, 558, 561
	friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Sales_item&);
	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Sales_item&);
	friend bool operator<(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
	friend bool
		operator==(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
public:
	// constructors are explained in section 7.1.4, pages 262 - 265
	// default constructor needed to initialize members of built-in type
#if defined(IN_CLASS_INITS) && defined(DEFAULT_FCNS)
	Sales_item() = default;
#else
	Sales_item() : units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
#endif
	Sales_item(const std::string &book) :
		bookNo(book), units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
	Sales_item(std::istream &is) { is >> *this; }
public:
	// operations on Sales_item objects
	// member binary operator: left-hand operand bound to implicit this pointer
	Sales_item& operator+=(const Sales_item&);
 
	// operations on Sales_item objects
	std::string isbn() const { return bookNo; }
	double avg_price() const;
	// private members as before
private:
	std::string bookNo;      // implicitly initialized to the empty string
#ifdef IN_CLASS_INITS
	unsigned units_sold = 0; // explicitly initialized
	double revenue = 0.0;
#else
	unsigned units_sold;
	double revenue;
#endif
};
 
// used in chapter 10
inline
bool compareIsbn(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
	return lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn();
}
 
// nonmember binary operator: must declare a parameter for each operand
Sales_item operator+(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
 
inline bool
operator==(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
	// must be made a friend of Sales_item
	return lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold &&
		lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue &&
		lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn();
}
 
inline bool
operator!=(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
	return !(lhs == rhs); // != defined in terms of operator==
}
 
// assumes that both objects refer to the same ISBN
Sales_item& Sales_item::operator+=(const Sales_item& rhs)
{
	units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
	revenue += rhs.revenue;
	return *this;
}
 
// assumes that both objects refer to the same ISBN
Sales_item
operator+(const Sales_item& lhs, const Sales_item& rhs)
{
	Sales_item ret(lhs);  // copy (|lhs|) into a local object that we'll return
	ret += rhs;           // add in the contents of (|rhs|) 
	return ret;           // return (|ret|) by value
}
 
std::istream&
operator>>(std::istream& in, Sales_item& s)
{
	double price;
	in >> s.bookNo >> s.units_sold >> price;
	// check that the inputs succeeded
	if (in)
		s.revenue = s.units_sold * price;
	else
		s = Sales_item();  // input failed: reset object to default state
	return in;
}
 
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Sales_item& s)
{
	out << s.isbn() << " " << s.units_sold << " "
		<< s.revenue << " " << s.avg_price();
	return out;
}
 
double Sales_item::avg_price() const
{
	if (units_sold)
		return revenue / units_sold;
	else
		return 0;
}
#endif
 
</string></iostream>

这是下载下来的Sales_item.h文件的代码，直接把文件拷贝进你自己的工作目录中，使用时在代码中包含该头文件即可。

#include <iostream>
#include "../include/Sales_item.h"

int main()
{
    Sales_item item;
    while (std::cin >> item)
    {
        std::cout << item << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

练习1.21

编写程序，读取两个 ISBN 相同的 Sales_item 对象，输出他们的和。

#include <iostream>
#include "../include/Sales_item.h"

int main()
{
    Sales_item item1, item2;
    std::cin >> item1 >> item2;
    if (item1.isbn() == item2.isbn()) {
        std::cout << item1 + item2 << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    else {
        std::cerr << "Data must refer to same ISBN." << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
}

练习1.22

编写程序，读取多个具有相同 ISBN 的销售记录，输出所有记录的和。

#include <iostream>
#include "../include/Sales_item.h"

int main()
{
    Sales_item total;
    if (std::cin >> total) {
        Sales_item trans;
        while (std::cin >> trans) {
            if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
                total += trans;
            else {
                std::cout << total << std::endl;
                total = trans;
            }
        }
        std::cout << total << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cerr << "No data?!" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

练习1.23

编写程序，读取多条销售记录，并统计每个 ISBN（每本书）有几条销售记录。

#include <iostream>
#include "../include/Sales_item.h"

int main()
{
    Sales_item currItem, valItem;
    if (std::cin >> currItem) {
        int cnt = 1;
        while (std::cin >> valItem) {
            if (valItem.isbn() == currItem.isbn())
                ++cnt;
            else {
                std::cout << currItem << " occurs " << cnt << " times " << std::endl;
                currItem = valItem;
                cnt = 1;
            }
        }

        std::cout << currItem << " occurs " << cnt << " times " << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}