keras对minist数据集分类

 minist数据集分类问题是机器学习入门级问题，本文简单介绍keras在github上给出的minist数据集分类源码及思路。源码如下：

'''Trains a simple deep NN on the MNIST dataset.
Gets to 98.40% test accuracy after 20 epochs
(there is *a lot* of margin for parameter tuning).
2 seconds per epoch on a K520 GPU.
'''

from __future__ import print_function

import keras
from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout
from keras.optimizers import RMSprop

batch_size = 128
num_classes = 10
epochs = 20

# the data, split between train and test sets
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()

x_train = x_train.reshape(60000, 784)
x_test = x_test.reshape(10000, 784)
x_train = x_train.astype('float32')
x_test = x_test.astype('float32')
x_train /= 255
x_test /= 255
print(x_train.shape[0], 'train samples')
print(x_test.shape[0], 'test samples')

# convert class vectors to binary class matrices
y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train, num_classes)
y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test, num_classes)

model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(512, activation='relu', input_shape=(784,)))
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(Dense(512, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax'))

model.summary()

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              optimizer=RMSprop(),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

history = model.fit(x_train, y_train,
                    batch_size=batch_size,
                    epochs=epochs,
                    verbose=1,
                    validation_data=(x_test, y_test))
score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=0)
print('Test loss:', score[0])
print('Test accuracy:', score[1])

简单介绍其中涉及到的一些原理：

keras.utils.to_categorical是将 1-10 十个数字转为计算机容易识别的独热编码

Dropout(0.2）是训练时随机将该层百分之二十的神经元忽略，用该方法防止过拟合

activation='softmax' softmax的原理为 为每个可能的输出值评估一个概率，所有可能值概率和为1

 

参考：

https://github.com/keras-team/keras/blob/master/examples/mnist_mlp.py

深度学习中Dropout原理解析