欧式距离三角不定式 : ∣ ∣ a → − b → ∣ ∣ < ∣ ∣ a → ∣ ∣ + ∣ ∣ b → ∣ ∣ ||\overrightarrow{a} - \overrightarrow{b}|| < ||\overrightarrow{a}|| + ||\overrightarrow{b}|| ∣∣a−b∣∣<∣∣a∣∣+∣∣b∣∣ (两边之和大于第三边)
余弦距离公式: 1 − cos x = 1 − a → b → ∣ ∣ a → ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ b → ∣ ∣ 1-\cos x = 1 - \frac{\overrightarrow{a} \overrightarrow{b}}{||\overrightarrow{a}|| ||\overrightarrow{b}||} 1−cosx=1−∣∣a∣∣∣∣b∣∣ab
假设
cos
A
=
A
c
;
cos
B
=
B
c
;
cos
(
A
+
B
)
=
C
c
\cos A = A_c ; \cos B = B_c; \cos (A+B) = C_c
cosA=Ac;cosB=Bc;cos(A+B)=Cc
计算三个向量的两两距离:
d
i
s
t
(
O
D
→
,
O
E
→
)
=
1
−
A
c
dist(\overrightarrow{OD}, \overrightarrow{OE}) = 1- A_c
dist(OD,OE)=1−Ac
d
i
s
t
(
O
D
→
,
O
F
→
)
=
1
−
C
c
dist(\overrightarrow{OD}, \overrightarrow{OF}) = 1- C_c
dist(OD,OF)=1−Cc
d
i
s
t
(
O
E
→
,
O
F
→
)
=
1
−
B
c
dist(\overrightarrow{OE}, \overrightarrow{OF}) = 1- B_c
dist(OE,OF)=1−Bc
反证法:
假设满足三角不定式,则一定满足
1
−
C
c
<
1
−
A
c
+
1
−
B
c
1- C_c < 1- A_c + 1- B_c
1−Cc<1−Ac+1−Bc
C
c
>
A
c
−
1
+
B
c
=
>
A
c
+
B
c
−
C
c
<
1
C_c > A_c - 1 + B_c => A_c + B_c - C_c < 1
Cc>Ac−1+Bc=>Ac+Bc−Cc<1
当
A
c
=
B
c
A_c = B_c
Ac=Bc :(二倍角公式)
C
c
=
2
A
c
2
−
1
C_c = 2A_c^2 - 1
Cc=2Ac2−1 推出
2
A
c
−
2
A
c
2
+
1
<
1
=
>
A
c
−
A
c
2
<
0
2A_c - 2A_c^2 + 1 < 1 => A_c - A_c^2 < 0
2Ac−2Ac2+1<1=>Ac−Ac2<0
当
A
c
∈
(
0
,
1
)
A_c \in (0, 1)
Ac∈(0,1)时:
A
c
−
A
c
2
>
0
A_c - A_c^2 > 0
Ac−Ac2>0
该结论和假设违背,所以假设不成立,即余弦距离不满足三角不定式