工作项目需要在 java 和 c/c++ 之间进行 socket 通信, socket 通信是以字节流或者字节包进行的, socket 发送方须将数据转换为字节流或者字节包,而接收方则将字节流和字节包再转换回相应的数据类型。如果发送方和接收方都是同种语言,则一般只涉及到字节序的调整。而对于 java 和 c/c++ 的通信,则情况就要复杂一些,主要是因为 java 中没有 unsigned 类型,并且 java 和 c 在某些数据类型上的长度不一致。
本文就是针对这种情况,整理了 java 数据类型和网络字节流或字节包 ( 相当于 java 的 byte 数组 ) 之间转换方法。实际上网上这方面的资料不少,但往往不全,甚至有些有错误,于是就花了点时间对 java 整型数和网络字节序的 byte[] 之间转换的各种情况做了一些验证和整理。整理出来的函数如下:
public class ByteConvert {
/**
* 长整形转byte数组
*
* @param n
* 长整形数字
* @return 转换后的数组
*/
public static byte[] longToBytes(long n) {
byte[] b = new byte[8];
b[7] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[6] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
b[5] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
b[4] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
b[3] = (byte) (n >> 32 & 0xff);
b[2] = (byte) (n >> 40 & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 48 & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) (n >> 56 & 0xff);
return b;
}
/**
* 长整形转byte数组
*
* @param n
* 长整形数字
* @param array
* 转换后的结果
* @param offset
* 从第offset位开始转换
*/
public static void longToBytes(long n, byte[] array, int offset) {
array[7 + offset] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
array[6 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
array[5 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
array[4 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
array[3 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 32 & 0xff);
array[2 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 40 & 0xff);
array[1 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 48 & 0xff);
array[0 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 56 & 0xff);
}
/**
* bytes 转 Long
*
* @param array
* 要转换的byte
* @return long长整形数字
*/
public static long bytesToLong(byte[] array) {
return ((((long) array[0] & 0xff) << 56) | (((long) array[1] & 0xff) << 48) | (((long) array[2] & 0xff) << 40)
| (((long) array[3] & 0xff) << 32) | (((long) array[4] & 0xff) << 24)
| (((long) array[5] & 0xff) << 16) | (((long) array[6] & 0xff) << 8) | (((long) array[7] & 0xff) << 0));
}
/**
* byte数组转长整形数字
*
* @param array
* 要转换的byte数组
* @param offset
* 从第offset开始转换
* @return 转换后的长整形数字
*/
public static long bytesToLong(byte[] array, int offset) {
return ((((long) array[offset + 0] & 0xff) << 56) | (((long) array[offset + 1] & 0xff) << 48)
| (((long) array[offset + 2] & 0xff) << 40) | (((long) array[offset + 3] & 0xff) << 32)
| (((long) array[offset + 4] & 0xff) << 24) | (((long) array[offset + 5] & 0xff) << 16)
| (((long) array[offset + 6] & 0xff) << 8) | (((long) array[offset + 7] & 0xff) << 0));
}
public static byte[] intToBytes(int n) {
byte[] b = new byte[4];
b[3] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[2] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
return b;
}
public static void intToBytes(int n, byte[] array, int offset) {
array[3 + offset] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
array[2 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
array[1 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
array[offset] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
}
/**
* @param b
* @return
*/
public static int bytesToInt(byte b[]) {
return b[3] & 0xff | (b[2] & 0xff) << 8 | (b[1] & 0xff) << 16 | (b[0] & 0xff) << 24;
}
/**
* byte 数组转 int
*
* @param b
* byte数组
* @param offset
* 从数组的第几位开始转
* @return 整形
*/
public static int bytesToInt(byte b[], int offset) {
return b[offset + 3] & 0xff | (b[offset + 2] & 0xff) << 8 | (b[offset + 1] & 0xff) << 16
| (b[offset] & 0xff) << 24;
}
/**
* 无符号整形转数组
*
* @param n
* 要转换的整形
* @return byte数组
*/
public static byte[] uintToBytes(long n) {
byte[] b = new byte[4];
b[3] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[2] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
return b;
}
public static void uintToBytes(long n, byte[] array, int offset) {
array[3 + offset] = (byte) (n);
array[2 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
array[1 + offset] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
array[offset] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
}
public static long bytesToUint(byte[] array) {
return ((long) (array[3] & 0xff)) | ((long) (array[2] & 0xff)) << 8 | ((long) (array[1] & 0xff)) << 16
| ((long) (array[0] & 0xff)) << 24;
}
public static long bytesToUint(byte[] array, int offset) {
return ((long) (array[offset + 3] & 0xff)) | ((long) (array[offset + 2] & 0xff)) << 8
| ((long) (array[offset + 1] & 0xff)) << 16 | ((long) (array[offset] & 0xff)) << 24;
}
public static byte[] shortToBytes(short n) {
byte[] b = new byte[2];
b[1] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) ((n >> 8) & 0xff);
return b;
}
public static void shortToBytes(short n, byte[] array, int offset) {
array[offset + 1] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
array[offset] = (byte) ((n >> 8) & 0xff);
}
public static short bytesToShort(byte[] b) {
return (short) (b[1] & 0xff | (b[0] & 0xff) << 8);
}
public static short bytesToShort(byte[] b, int offset) {
return (short) (b[offset + 1] & 0xff | (b[offset] & 0xff) << 8);
}
public static byte[] ushortToBytes(int n) {
byte[] b = new byte[2];
b[1] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) ((n >> 8) & 0xff);
return b;
}
public static void ushortToBytes(int n, byte[] array, int offset) {
array[offset + 1] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
array[offset] = (byte) ((n >> 8) & 0xff);
}
public static int bytesToUshort(byte b[]) {
return b[1] & 0xff | (b[0] & 0xff) << 8;
}
public static int bytesToUshort(byte b[], int offset) {
return b[offset + 1] & 0xff | (b[offset] & 0xff) << 8;
}
public static byte[] ubyteToBytes(int n) {
byte[] b = new byte[1];
b[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
return b;
}
public static void ubyteToBytes(int n, byte[] array, int offset) {
array[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
}
public static int bytesToUbyte(byte[] array) {
return array[0] & 0xff;
}
public static int bytesToUbyte(byte[] array, int offset) {
return array[offset] & 0xff;
}
// char 类型、 float、double 类型和 byte[] 数组之间的转换关系还需继续研究实现。
}