文章翻译||Intelligence、AI、Autonomous systems的定义

参考资料：Artificial Intelligence Definitions

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Intelligence might be defined as the ability to learn and perform suitable techniques to solve problems and achieve goals, appropriate to the context in an uncertain, ever-varying world. A fully pre-programmed factory robot is flexible, accurate, and consistent but not intelligent.

智能可以被定义为在一个不确定的、不断变化的世界中学习和使用合适的技术来解决问题和实现目标的能力。一个完全预先编程的工厂机器人是灵活、准确和一致的，但不是智能的。

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), a term coined by emeritus Stanford Professor John McCarthy in 1955, was defined by him as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. Much research has humans program machines to behave in a clever way, like playing chess, but, today, we emphasize machines that can learn, at least somewhat like human beings do.

人工智能(AI) 一词是由斯坦福大学名誉教授约翰·麦卡锡在1955年创造的，他将其定义为 “制造智能机器的科学与工程”。很多研究都让人类给机器编程，让它们以一种聪明的方式行事，比如下国际象棋，但今天，我们强调机器能够学习，至少在某种程度上像人类一样。

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Autonomous systems can independently plan and decide sequences of steps to achieve a specified goal without micro-management. A hospital delivery robot must autonomously navigate busy corridors to succeed in its task. In AI, autonomy doesn’t have the sense of being self-governing common in politics or biology.
self-governing: exercising control over one’s own affairs.

自治系统可以独立地计划和决定一系列步骤来实现指定的目标，而不需要微观管理。医院的分娩机器人必须能自主地在繁忙的走廊里行走才能完成任务。在人工智能中，autonomy并不具有政治或生物学中常见的自治意识。