网络编程
1.1、概述
地球村:你在西安,你-个美国的朋友!
信件:
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计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操
作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机192.168.16.124: 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2.找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb : 网页编程 B/S
网络编程 : TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16,124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
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小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要的问题
-
如何准确的定位到网络.上的一台或者多台主机
-
找到主机之后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 TCP、UDP
3.万物皆对象
1.3、 IP
-
ip地址: InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1 :本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4 / ipv6
-
IPV4 127.0.0.1 , 4个字节组成。,0~255, 42亿~ ; 30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。201 1年就用尽;
-
IPV6:128位。8个无符号整数!
-
2001: 0bb2: aaaa: 0015 : 0000 :0000:1aaa: 1312!
-
公网(互联网) -私网(局域网)
-
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP: www.vip.com
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 8:45
*/
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
// System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一一个程序的进程;
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定0~65535
- TCP,UDP : 65535*2 tcp: 80, udp: 80吗,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
- 公有端口0~1023
- HTTP: 80
- HTTPS : 443
- FTP:21
- Telent: 23
- 程序注册端口: 1024~49151,分配用户或者程序.
- Tomcat : 8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Oracle : 1521
- 动态、私有:49152~ 65535
- 公有端口0~1023
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano |findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist |findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
ctr1+ shift + ESC
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 9:05
*/
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort());//端口
}
}
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1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
**网络通信协议:**速率, 传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是- -组协议
重要:
-
TCP:用户传输协议
-
UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP :网络互连协议
TCP udp对比
TCP :打电话
- 连接,稳定
三次握手``四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了!
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A: 我的真的要走了!
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP :发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击! (饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 9:23
*/
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socker链接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送信息 IO流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("你好,欢迎来到狂神说Java".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (outputStream!=null){
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接accept
- 接收用的消息
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 9:23
*/
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
try {
//1.我要有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
//2.等待客户端链接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
字符串上传
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 9:23
*/
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socker链接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送信息 IO流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("你好,欢迎来到狂神说Java".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (outputStream!=null){
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 9:23
*/
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
try {
//1.我要有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
//2.等待客户端链接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 9:23
*/
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9000;
//2.创建一个socker链接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.创建一个输出流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//4.文件流
String url = TcpClientDemo02.class.getResource("pic.jpg").toString().substring(6);
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(url));
//5.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fileInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
outputStream.write("你好,欢迎来到狂神说Java".getBytes());
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确认服务器接收完毕,才能断开链接
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//byte[]
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (byteArrayOutputStream!=null){
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStream!=null){
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (outputStream != null) {
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 9:23
*/
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
//1.创建服务
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端链接
socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端链接
//3.获取输入流
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(fileOutputStream.toString());
//通知客户端我接受完毕了
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (fileOutputStream != null) {
try {
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器S
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送消息
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 11:35
*/
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socker
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, 9090);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
}
接受端
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 11:35
*/
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接受数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞服务器
System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(), 0, datagramPacket.getLength()));
//关闭连接
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
咨询
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 11:53
*/
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据: 控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = bufferedReader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, data.length(), new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 11:53
*/
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//准备接收包裹
while (true) {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
String receivedatas = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receivedatas);
if ("bye".equals(receivedatas)){
break;
}
}
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两个都可以是接收方,也可以是发送方
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 12:30
*/
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
String receiveDatas = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveDatas);
if ("bye".equals(receiveDatas)) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 12:18
*/
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, data.length(), new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(datagramPacket);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 12:36
*/
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启俩个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 12:36
*/
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启俩个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网.上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析www.baidu.com x…x.
协议: //ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.kuang.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
/**
* @author PeiroJack
* @create 2020-05-02 13:01
*/
//http://localhost:8080/peiro/SecurityFile.txt
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://wx3.sinaimg.cn/crop.0.77.1242.690/007O1CxXgy1ge64zn13f3j30yi0n0dpg.jpg");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("007O1CxXgy1ge64zn13f3j30yi0n0dpg.jpg");
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}
//https://wx3.sinaimg.cn/crop.0.77.1242.690/007O1CxXgy1ge64zn13f3j30yi0n0dpg.jpg