python之文件查找

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 11:29:07 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 11:29:07 发布

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文章标签： python 文件

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/T20151470/article/details/135073879

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文章介绍了如何使用Python的os.walk()函数来遍历目录树，提供了一系列辅助函数如find_files,find_dirs等，用于查找指定文件、目录和过滤文件。还展示了如何应用函数处理匹配特定模式的文件。

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1、列出指定文件夹下的文件

2、查找指定文件

os.walk() 是 Python 中的一个非常有用的函数，它用于遍历一个目录树，并返回一个生成器，该生成器产生三元组 (dirpath, dirnames, filenames)，其中 dirpath 是一个字符串，表示目录的路径；dirnames 是一个列表，包含该目录下所有子目录的名称；filenames 是一个列表，包含该目录下所有非目录子项的名称。

1、列出指定文件夹下的文件

import osyour_directory=r"C:\Users\Downloads"for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(your_directory):    print("Current directory path: ", dirpath)    print("Subdirectories in current directory: ", dirnames)    print("Files in current directory: ", filenames)

2、查找指定文件

import os, reimport os.path as pathdef find_files(pattern, base='.'):    """Finds files under base based on pattern    Walks the filesystem starting at base and     returns a list of filenames matching pattern"""    regex = re.compile(pattern)    matches = []    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base):        for f in files:            if regex.match(f):                matches.append( path.join(root,f) )    return matchesoutcome=find_files("add_labels.py")print(outcome)

['.\\add_labels.py']

# file_tree.py module containing functions to assist # in dealing with directory hierarchies.# Based on the os.walk() function.import os, reimport os.path as pathdef find_files(pattern, base='.'):    """Finds files under base based on pattern    Walks the filesystem starting at base and     returns a list of filenames matching pattern"""    regex = re.compile(pattern)    matches = []    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base):        for f in files:            if regex.match(f):                matches.append( path.join(root,f) )    return matchesdef find_dirs(pattern, base='.'):    """Finds directories under base based on pattern    Walks the filesystem starting at base and     returns a list of directory names matching pattern"""    regex = re.compile(pattern)    matches = []    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base):        for d in dirs:            if regex.match(d):                matches.append( path.join(root,d) )    return matchesdef find_all(pattern, base='.'):    """Finds files and folders under base based on pattern    Returns the combined results of find_files and find_dirs"""        matches = find_dirs(pattern,base)    matches += find_files(pattern,base)    return matchesdef find_all_2(pattern, base='.'):    """Finds files and folders under base based on pattern    Walks the filesystem starting at base and     returns a list of file and folder names matching pattern"""    regex = re.compile(pattern)    matches = []    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base):        for d in dirs:            if regex.match(d):                matches.append( path.join(root,d) )        for f in files:            if regex.match(f):                matches.append( path.join(root,f) )    return matchesdef filter_files(pattern, base='.'):    """Finds files and folders under base omitting those matching pattern    Walks the filesystem starting at base and     returns a list of file and folder names except those matching pattern"""    regex = re.compile(pattern)    matches = []    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base):        for f in files:            if not regex.match(f):                matches.append( path.join(root,f) )    return matchesdef apply_to_files(pattern, function, base='.'):    ''' Apply function to any files matching pattern    function should take a full file path as an argument    the return value, if any, will be ignored '''    regex = re.compile(pattern)    errors = []    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base):        for f in files:            if regex.match(f):                try: function( path.join(root,f) )                except: errors.append(path.join(root,f))    return errorsif __name__ == '__main__':    print('Testing module file_tree.py')    print("result of find_files('.*')")    print( find_files('.*') )    print("result of find_dirs('.*')")    print( find_dirs('.*') )    print("result of find_all_1('.*')")    print( find_all('.*') )    print("result of find_all_2('.*')")    print( find_all_2('.*') )    print("result of filter_files('.*')")    print( filter_files('.*') )    print("result of apply_to_files('.*', lambda fn: print(fn.upper())")    print( apply_to_files('.*', lambda fn: print(fn.upper()) ))