仿射空间与仿射变换
一个简单的几何问题
已知 A C ∥ B D ∥ F E AC \parallel BD \parallel FE AC∥BD∥FE
另外AC,BD,AF,FB长度分别为n,m,a,b,求FE的长度.
求解:
作辅助线CB交于EF于点G
在 △ A B C \triangle{ABC} △ABC与 △ D B C \triangle{DBC} △DBC中,
根据三角形相似,容易求得
G F = n ⋅ b a + b GF = n \cdot \frac{b}{a+b} GF=n⋅a+bb
G E = m ⋅ a a + b GE = m \cdot \frac{a}{a+b} GE=m⋅a+ba
F E = G F + G E = n ⋅ b a + b + m ⋅ a a + b FE = GF + GE = n \cdot \frac{b}{a+b} + m \cdot \frac{a}{a+b} FE=GF+GE=n⋅a+bb+m⋅a+ba
也可以写成:
F E = n ⋅ D E C D + m ⋅ E C C D FE = n \cdot \frac{DE}{CD} + m \cdot \frac{EC}{CD} FE=n⋅CDDE+m⋅CDEC
值得注意的是,n与m的系数之和为1, 这一点非常重要.
A与B重合时,即ABCD在同一条直线上时,AC可看成C点的坐标值 y 1 y_1 y1,BD可看成D点坐标值 y 2 y_2 y2.
E点的坐标y,即FE同样适用上面公式:
y = y 1 ⋅ D E C D + y 2 ⋅ E C C D y = y_1 \cdot \frac{DE}{CD} + y_2 \cdot \frac{EC}{CD} y=y1⋅CDDE+y2⋅CDEC
显然,这里不限于纵坐标,换成x也成立.
容易推导,C,D为平面任意向量 C ⃗ \vec{C} C, D ⃗ \vec{D} D时
E ⃗ = b a + b ⋅ C ⃗ + a a + b ⋅ D ⃗ \vec{E} = \frac{b}{a+b} \cdot \vec{C} + \frac{a}{a+b} \cdot\vec{D} E=a+bb⋅C+a+ba⋅D
回到最开始的情况,如果把条件返过来,
如果(a与b比例为任意值):
F E = n ⋅ b a + b + m ⋅ a a + b FE = n \cdot \frac{b}{a+b} + m \cdot \frac{a}{a+b} FE=n⋅a<