Object-C NSDictionary /NSMutableDictionary

NSDictionary /NSMutableDictionary

1.概念 : 字典是关键字 ‘key’ 及其定义的值 ‘value’所构成的集合，即它是由key-value组成的键值对的集合。通常来讲，’key’一般是’NSString’类型，’value’是OC中任意的对象。对于字典来讲，我们就是通过’key’来访问’value’.

2.为什么在有了数组后，还需要字典呢？在由大量的数据或频繁的查找信息，使用字典效率更高。因为字典是采用键查询的优化存储方法。

3.在OC中我们使用’NSDictionary’ 和 ‘NSMutableDictionary’ 来表示字典。其中’NSMutableDictionary’是’NSDictionary’的子类。

4.字典初始化

//数组的遍历
        //快速枚举
        NSMutableArray *marray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",@"4",@"5",@"6", nil];
        for (NSString *element in marray)
        {

            NSLog(@"element = %@",element);
        }

        //使用系统提供的枚举类 NSEnumerator
        NSEnumerator *enumerator = [marray objectEnumerator];
        NSString *ele ;
        while (ele = [enumerator nextObject])
        {
            NSLog(@"%@",ele);
        }

        //当我们在遍历可变数组时不可修改数组

        /*
            字典
         */
        //初始化
        //创建一个空字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary1 = [[NSDictionary alloc]init];
        NSDictionary *dictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionary];

        //创建一个键值队
        NSDictionary *dictionary3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"rick" forKey:@"name"];

        //创建多个键值队
        NSDictionary *dictionary4 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"rick",@"name",@23,@"key",@"guangzhou",@"name",nil];

        //value在前，key在后,value 和 key 要成双出现

        NSLog(@"%@",dictionary4);

        //根据一个字典创建一个字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary5 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dictionary4];
        NSLog(@"%@",dictionary5);

        //新语法创建字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary6 = @{};
        NSDictionary *dictionary7 = @{@"name":@"rick"};
        NSDictionary *dictionary8 = @{@"age":@"rick" , @"age":@25 ,@"address":@"guangzhou"};

        NSDictionary *dictionary11 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@""];
        NSDictionary *dictionary12 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@""]];

5.字典中键值队的数量

        NSUInteger count = dictionary4.count ;

6.如何访问字典

        //通过key访问字典中对应的值
        NSString *name = [dictionary4 objectForKey:@"name"];

        //新语法
        NSString  *newName = dictionary4[@"name"];
/如何遍历字典中的所有值
        //表示字典中所有的key
        NSArray *keysArray = dictionary4.allKeys ;

        //表示字典中所有的value
        NSArray *valuesArray = dictionary4.allValues;

        for (NSString *key in keysArray)
        {
            NSLog(@"%@:%@",key,dictionary4[key]);
//            [dictionary4 objectForKey:key]
        }
        NSLog(@"\n");
        enumerator = dictionary8.keyEnumerator ;
        NSString *key;
        while (key = [enumerator nextObject])
        {
            NSLog(@"%@:%@",key,dictionary8[key]);
        }

7.在字典中不能够存在相同key，如果相同的key，则会替换
8.在字典中键值是无序的

NSMutableDictionary

1.初始化

 //1.初始化方法
        NSMutableDictionary *mdictionary1= [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        NSMutableDictionary *mdictionary2 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"riri" forKey:@"name"];
        NSMutableDictionary *mdictionary3 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"rici",@"name",@"25",@"age",@"guangzhou",@"address", nil];

        //没有新语法
        NSDictionary *mddictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dictionary8];

        //自己独有的初始化方法
        NSMutableDictionary *mdictionary5 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:10];

        NSMutableDictionary *mdictionary8 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@""];
        NSMutableDictionary *mdictionary9 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@""]];

//增
        [mdictionary5 setValue:@"rick" forKey:@"name"];
        [mdictionary5 setValue:@25 forKey:@"age"];
        NSLog(@"mdictionary5 = %@",mdictionary5);
        //改
        [mdictionary5 setValue:@"herry" forKey:@"name"];
         NSLog(@"mdictionary5 = %@",mdictionary5);

        //
        mdictionary5[@"name"] = @"zhou";
        NSLog(@"mdictionary5 = %@",mdictionary5);

        //删
        [mdictionary5 removeObjectForKey:@"name"];
        [mdictionary5 removeObjectForKey:@[]];
        [mdictionary5 removeAllObjects];