centos7下安装Docker,以及Docker的基本使用

Docker的简介

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，基于Go语言并遵从Apache2.0协议开源。让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上，也可以实现虚拟化，容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。

Docker的组成：

1. Docker Client 客户端
2. Docker Daemon 守护进程
3. Docker Image 镜像
4. Docker Container 容器

从2017年3月开始Docker在原来的基础上分为两个分支版本: Docker CE 和 Docker EE。Docker CE 即社区免费版，Docker EE 即企业版，强调安全，但需付费使用。
本文介绍Docker CE的安装使用。

Docker CE的安装

较旧版本的Docker被称为docker或docker-engine,如果已安装这些，请卸载它们。

yum remove -y docker \
              docker-client \
              docker-client-latest \
              docker-common \
              docker-latest \
              docker-latest-logrotate \
              docker-logrotate \
              docker-engine

安装所需要的软件

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

设置Docker的存储库

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装最新版Docker-ce

yum install -y docker-ce  

如遇错误提示：
错误：软件包：3:docker-ce-18.09.6-3.el7.x86_64 (docker-ce-stable)
需要：container-selinux >= 2.9

执行以下命令,下载container-selinux-2.95的rpm包

wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/container-selinux-2.95-2.el7_6.noarch.rpm

安装

rpm -ivh container-selinux-2.95-2.el7_6.noarch.rpm

再次执行安装命令:

yum install -y docker-ce

启动docker

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker

查看docker的版本

docker version

Client:
 Version:           18.09.6
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        481bc77156
 Built:             Sat May  4 02:34:58 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.6
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       481bc77
  Built:            Sat May  4 02:02:43 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

查看更详细的的信息

docker info

docker运行hello-world

docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:92695bc579f31df7a63da6922075d0666e565ceccad16b59c3374d2cf4e8e50e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

执行docker run命令后，如本地存在所运行h