第六届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛程序设计题（HAL库版）

蓝桥杯嵌入式（HAL库版）省赛系列文章

第九届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛程序设计题（HAL库版）
第十届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛程序设计题（HAL库版）
第十一届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛程序设计题（HAL库版）
第十三届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛程序设计题（HAL库版）

---

前言

这是2015年第六届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛程序设计题，此时还需要进行电路设计，但由于现在已经没有电路设计这一部分考察内容，故还是只进行软件代码部分的撰写，笔者能力有限，如果哪里有问题麻烦各路大佬指点一下！谢谢！
其他届省赛的文章可以通过顶部的目录直达喔！

一、赛题要求

1. 硬件框图

2. 功能描述

二、配置工程

1. 配置流程

根据题目要求，我们大概需要配置以下资源：

1. RTC实时时钟
2. ADC测量R37的输出电压
3. USART串口
4. 4个按键
5. I2C总线驱动E2PROM进行掉电储存
6. 8个LED灯
7. 一个用于控制LED灯闪烁时间为0.2秒的定时器

1.1 选择芯片

选择与竞赛时一致的国信长天平台的开发板，芯片为STM32G431RBT6

1.2 配置引脚

1.3 配置时钟

1.4 建立工程

三、软件实现（main.c程序代码）

为了方便大家使用，直接上传main.c里面的代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "i2c - hal.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc2;

I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;

RTC_HandleTypeDef hrtc;

TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

RTC_TimeTypeDef H_M_S_TIME;
RTC_DateTypeDef Y_M_D_DATA;
RTC_TimeTypeDef H_M_S_TIME_SET;
RTC_DateTypeDef Y_M_D_DATA_SET;

char RX_BUFFER[30];
char TX_BUFFER[30];
char RTC_TX_BUFFER[30];
char ADC_BUFFER[30];
char k_BUFFER[30];
char TIME_BUFFER[30];

uint16_t LED_TIME_FLAG = 0;
uint16_t LCD_TIME_FLAG = 0;
uint16_t KEYB1_FLAG = 0;
uint16_t KEYB2_FLAG = 0;
uint16_t KEYB3_FLAG = 0;
uint16_t KEYB4_FLAG = 0;
uint16_t Hours_Change = 0;
uint16_t Minutes_Change = 0;
uint16_t Seconds_Change = 0;

double k = 0.1;
double V;
double adc;

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC2_Init(void);
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void);
static void MX_RTC_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);

void IIC_AT24C02_Write(uint8_t add,uint8_t data);

uint8_t KEY_Scan(GPIO_TypeDef *GPIOx,uint16_t GPIO_Pin);

double GET_ADC(void);
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

uint8_t KEY_Scan(GPIO_TypeDef *GPIOx,uint16_t GPIO_Pin)		//按下为1，未按下为0
{
	if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOx,GPIO_Pin) == RESET)
	{
		HAL_Delay(200);
		if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOx,GPIO_Pin) == RESET)
			return 1;
	}
	else
		return 0;
}

double GET_ADC(void)
{
	HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc2);
	adc = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc2);
	return (adc*3.3/4096);
}

void IIC_AT24C02_Write(uint8_t add,uint8_t data)
{
	I2CStart();
	I2CSendByte(0xA0);
	I2CWaitAck();
	
	I2CSendByte(add);
	I2CWaitAck();
	
	I2CSendByte(data);
	I2CWaitAck();
	
	I2CStop();
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_ADC2_Init();
  MX_I2C1_Init();
  MX_RTC_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	LCD_Init();
	LCD_Clear(Black);
	LCD_SetBackColor(Black);
	LCD_SetTextColor(White);
	
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);


  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		V = GET_ADC();
		
		HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,(uint8_t*)RX_BUFFER,6);
		
		HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc,&H_M_S_TIME,FORMAT_BIN);
		HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc,&Y_M_D_DATA,FORMAT_BIN);
		
		//LCD Display Interface
		if(KEYB2_FLAG == 0)
		{
			sprintf(ADC_BUFFER,"   V1:%.2fV          ",V);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line3,(uint8_t*)ADC_BUFFER);
			sprintf(k_BUFFER,"   k:%.1f             ",k);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)k_BUFFER);
			sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"   T:%02d-%02d-%02d      ",H_M_S_TIME.Hours,H_M_S_TIME.Minutes,H_M_S_TIME.Seconds);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line6,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line9,(uint8_t*)"                  1 ");
			
			if(H_M_S_TIME.Hours == Hours_Change && H_M_S_TIME.Minutes == Minutes_Change && H_M_S_TIME.Seconds == Seconds_Change)		//上报电压
			{
				sprintf(RTC_TX_BUFFER,"%.2f+%.1f+%02d%02d%02d\n",V,k,H_M_S_TIME.Hours,H_M_S_TIME.Minutes,H_M_S_TIME.Seconds);
				HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)RTC_TX_BUFFER,sizeof(RTC_TX_BUFFER),0xFFFF);
			}
			
			if(KEYB1_FLAG == 1)		//关闭闪烁报警功能
			{
				HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12|GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15,GPIO_PIN_SET);
				HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);
				HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
				
				LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5,(uint8_t*)"   LED:OFF          ");
			}
			
			if(KEYB1_FLAG == 0)		//打开闪烁报警功能
			{
				HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12|GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15,GPIO_PIN_SET);
				HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);
				HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
				if(V > (3.3*k))
				{
					if(LED_TIME_FLAG == 2)
					{
						HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_8);
						HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);
						HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12|GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15,GPIO_PIN_SET);
					HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);
					HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
				}
				LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5,(uint8_t*)"   LED:ON           ");
			}
			
		}
		
		//Setting Interface
		if(KEYB2_FLAG == 1)
		{
			
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line2,(uint8_t*)"      Setting       ");
			
			if(KEY_Scan(B3_GPIO_Port,B3_Pin) == 1)
				KEYB3_FLAG ++;
			
			switch(KEYB3_FLAG)
			{
				//Hours Selected
				case 1:
					sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"        -%02d-%02d        ",H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds);
					LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
					HAL_Delay(100);
					sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"      %02d-%02d-%02d        ",H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds);
					LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
					HAL_Delay(100);
					if(KEY_Scan(B4_GPIO_Port,B4_Pin) == 1)
						H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours++;
					if(H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours > 24)
						H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours = 0;
				break;
				
				//Minutes Selected
				case 2:
					sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"      %02d-  -%02d        ",H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds);
					LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
					HAL_Delay(50);
					sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"      %02d-%02d-%02d        ",H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds);
					LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
					HAL_Delay(50);
					if(KEY_Scan(B4_GPIO_Port,B4_Pin) == 1)
						H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes++;
					if(H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes > 60)
						H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes = 0;
				break;
				
				//Seconds Selected
				case 3:
					sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"      %02d-%02d-          ",H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes);
					LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
					HAL_Delay(50);
					sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"      %02d-%02d-%02d        ",H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds);
					LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
					HAL_Delay(50);
					if(KEY_Scan(B4_GPIO_Port,B4_Pin) == 1)
						H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds++;
					if(H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds > 60)
						H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds = 0;
				break;
			}
			
			sprintf(TIME_BUFFER,"      %02d-%02d-%02d        ",H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes,H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4,(uint8_t*)TIME_BUFFER);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line9,(uint8_t*)"                  2 ");
			Hours_Change = H_M_S_TIME_SET.Hours;
			Minutes_Change = H_M_S_TIME_SET.Minutes;
			Seconds_Change = H_M_S_TIME_SET.Seconds;
		}
		
		if(KEYB1_FLAG >1)			//清零
			KEYB1_FLAG = 0;
		
		if(KEY_Scan(B2_GPIO_Port,B2_Pin) == 1)
		{
			KEYB2_FLAG ++;
			LCD_Clear(Black);
		}
		
		if(KEYB2_FLAG > 1)
			KEYB2_FLAG = 0;
		
		if(KEYB3_FLAG > 3)
			KEYB3_FLAG = 0;
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}


/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief ADC2 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_ADC2_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 0 */

  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 1 */
  /** Common config
  */
  hadc2.Instance = ADC2;
  hadc2.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV2;
  hadc2.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
  hadc2.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc2.Init.GainCompensation = 0;
  hadc2.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
  hadc2.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
  hadc2.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc2.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
  hadc2.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
  hadc2.Init.OversamplingMode = DISABLE;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Regular Channel
  */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_15;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_2CYCLES_5;
  sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
  sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
  sConfig.Offset = 0;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 2 */

}

/**
  * @brief I2C1 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 1 */
  hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
  hi2c1.Init.Timing = 0x10909CEC;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
  hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
  hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2Masks = I2C_OA2_NOMASK;
  hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Analogue filter
  */
  if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigAnalogFilter(&hi2c1, I2C_ANALOGFILTER_ENABLE) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Digital filter
  */
  if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigDigitalFilter(&hi2c1, 0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 2 */

}

/**
  * @brief RTC Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_RTC_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTC_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END RTC_Init 0 */

  RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime = {0};
  RTC_DateTypeDef sDate = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTC_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END RTC_Init 1 */
  /** Initialize RTC Only
  */
  hrtc.Instance = RTC;
  hrtc.Init.HourFormat = RTC_HOURFORMAT_24;
  hrtc.Init.AsynchPrediv = 125;
  hrtc.Init.SynchPrediv = 6000;
  hrtc.Init.OutPut = RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE;
  hrtc.Init.OutPutRemap = RTC_OUTPUT_REMAP_NONE;
  hrtc.Init.OutPutPolarity = RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH;
  hrtc.Init.OutPutType = RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN;
  hrtc.Init.OutPutPullUp = RTC_OUTPUT_PULLUP_NONE;
  if (HAL_RTC_Init(&hrtc) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Check_RTC_BKUP */

  /* USER CODE END Check_RTC_BKUP */

  /** Initialize RTC and set the Time and Date
  */
  sTime.Hours = 0x23;
  sTime.Minutes = 0x59;
  sTime.Seconds = 0x55;
  sTime.SubSeconds = 0x0;
  sTime.DayLightSaving = RTC_DAYLIGHTSAVING_NONE;
  sTime.StoreOperation = RTC_STOREOPERATION_RESET;
  if (HAL_RTC_SetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BCD) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sDate.WeekDay = RTC_WEEKDAY_WEDNESDAY;
  sDate.Month = RTC_MONTH_MARCH;
  sDate.Date = 0x27;
  sDate.Year = 0x22;

  if (HAL_RTC_SetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BCD) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTC_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END RTC_Init 2 */

}

/**
  * @brief TIM2 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 0 */

  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 1 */
  htim2.Instance = TIM2;
  htim2.Init.Prescaler = 1600-1;
  htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim2.Init.Period = 9999;
  htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim2, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 2 */

}

/**
  * @brief USART1 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  huart1.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
  huart1.Init.ClockPrescaler = UART_PRESCALER_DIV1;
  huart1.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_UARTEx_SetTxFifoThreshold(&huart1, UART_TXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_UARTEx_SetRxFifoThreshold(&huart1, UART_RXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_UARTEx_DisableFifoMode(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15|GPIO_PIN_8
                          |GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_SET);
	
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : PC13 PC14 PC15 PC8
                           PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15|GPIO_PIN_8
                          |GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : B4_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = B4_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(B4_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : PB0 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : B2_Pin B3_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = B2_Pin|B3_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* EXTI interrupt init*/
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(EXTI0_IRQn, 1, 1);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI0_IRQn);

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/**
  * @brief This function handles EXTI line0 interrupt.
  */
void EXTI0_IRQHandler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI0_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END EXTI0_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler(B4_Pin);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI0_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END EXTI0_IRQn 1 */
}

void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(GPIO_Pin);

  /* NOTE: This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
           the HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback could be implemented in the user file
   */
	if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_0)
	{
		HAL_Delay(200);
		KEYB1_FLAG ++;
		__HAL_GPIO_EXTI_CLEAR_IT(GPIO_PIN_0);
	}
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles TIM2 global interrupt.
  */
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(&htim2);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_IRQn 1 */
}

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	LED_TIME_FLAG ++;
	if(LED_TIME_FLAG >2)
		LED_TIME_FLAG = 0;
	
	LCD_TIME_FLAG ++;
	if(LCD_TIME_FLAG>50)
		LCD_TIME_FLAG = 0;
}

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(huart);

  /* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
            the HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback can be implemented in the user file.
   */
	if(RX_BUFFER[0] == 'k' && RX_BUFFER[4] == '\r' && RX_BUFFER[5] == '\n')
	{
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '1')
		{
			k = 0.1;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '2')
		{
			k = 0.2;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '3')
		{
			k = 0.3;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '4')
		{
			k = 0.4;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '5')
		{
			k = 0.5;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '6')
		{
			k = 0.6;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '7')
		{
			k = 0.7;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '8')
		{
			k = 0.8;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		if(RX_BUFFER[3] == '9')
		{
			k = 0.9;
			IIC_AT24C02_Write(0,k);
		}
		sprintf(TX_BUFFER,"ok\n");
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)TX_BUFFER,sizeof(TX_BUFFER),0xFFFF);
		HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,(uint8_t*)RX_BUFFER,6);
	}
	//没有发送或发送错误命令，设备不作回应
	else
		HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,(uint8_t*)RX_BUFFER,6);
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

总结

只有LED闪烁这里出了一点小问题，就是所有的灯都在亮，不能达到闪烁的效果，剩下的都可以正常运行并且符合题目要求。
笔者能力有限，还望大家海涵，哪里写的不好可以私信或者评论，我看到了会及时回的！哪里有问题我们也可进行交流呀！

（PS:最后吐槽一句，这个串口软件好难用，自带延迟！！！）