二维码生成与解析

导入以下包：

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
      <artifactId>core</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
    <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.0</version>
  </dependency>

代码如下：

import com.google.zxing.*;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;

public class QrCodeUtil {

    //0x,透明度，R,G,B
    private static final int BLACK = 0xFF000000;
    private static final int WHITE = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "png";
    // 二维码尺寸
    private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
    // LOGO宽度
    private static final int WIDTH = 60;
    // LOGO高度
    private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
    /**
     * 生成二维码代码
     *
     * @param contents 二维码内容
     * @return 二维码的描述对象 BitMatrix
     * @throws WriterException 编码时出错
     */
    public static BitMatrix encode(String contents) throws WriterException {
        final Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
        return new QRCodeWriter().encode(contents, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 320, 320, hints);
    }

    /**
     * 二维码图片生成
     * @param matrix
     * @return
     */
    public static BufferedImage toBufferedImage(BitMatrix matrix) {
        int width = matrix.getWidth();
        int height = matrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, matrix.get(x, y) ? BLACK : WHITE);
            }
        }

        return image;
    }

    /**
     * 二维码输出为文件
     * @param image 二维码图片
     * @param format 二维码图片格式
     * @param filePath 二维码保存路径
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void writeToFile(BufferedImage image, String format, String filePath) throws IOException {
        File outputFile = new File(filePath);
        if (!outputFile.exists()) {
            outputFile.mkdirs();
        }
        if (!ImageIO.write(image, format, outputFile)) {
            throw new IOException("不能转换成" + format );
        }
    }

    /**
     * 二维码添加logo(logo占二维码1/5)
     * @param image 二维码图片
     * @param logoFilePath logo图片路径
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static BufferedImage addLogo(BufferedImage image, String logoFilePath) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(logoFilePath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            throw new IOException("logo文件不存在");
        }

        BufferedImage logo = ImageIO.read(file);
        Graphics2D graph = image.createGraphics();
        graph.drawImage(logo, image.getWidth() * 2 / 5, image.getHeight() * 2 / 5
                , image.getWidth() * 2 / 10, image.getHeight() * 2 / 10, null);
        graph.dispose();

        return image;
    }

    /**
     * 二维码添加背景
     * @param image 二维码图片
     * @param bgFilePath 背景图片路径
     * @param x 维码左顶点在背景图片的X坐标
     * @param y 二维码左顶点在背景图片的Y坐标
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static BufferedImage addBgImg(BufferedImage image, String bgFilePath, int x, int y) throws Exception {
        File file = new File(bgFilePath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            throw new IOException("背景图片不存在");
        }

        BufferedImage bgImg = ImageIO.read(file);

        if(x < 0) {
            x = 0;
        }

        if(y < 0) {
            y = 0;
        }

        if(bgImg.getWidth() < image.getWidth() || bgImg.getHeight() <image.getHeight()) {
            throw new Exception("背景图片小于二维码尺寸");
        }

        if(bgImg.getWidth() < x + image.getWidth() || bgImg.getHeight() < y + bgImg.getHeight()) {
            throw new Exception("以背景的("+x+","+y+")作为二维码左上角不能容下整个二维码");
        }

        Graphics2D graph = bgImg.createGraphics();
        graph.drawImage(image, x, y, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), null);
        graph.dispose();

        return bgImg;
    }

    /**
     * 二维码底部添加文本（只限一行，没有换行）
     * @param image 二维码图片
     * @param text 文本内容
     * @param fontSize 写入文本的字体
     * @return
     */
    public static BufferedImage addText(BufferedImage image, String text, int fontSize) {
        int outImageWidth = image.getWidth();
        int outImageHeight = image.getHeight() + fontSize + 10;
        BufferedImage outImage = new BufferedImage(outImageWidth, outImageHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D graph = outImage.createGraphics();
        //填充为白色背景
        graph.setColor(Color.white);
        graph.fillRect(0 ,0 , outImageWidth, outImageHeight);
        //将二维码画入
        graph.drawImage(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), null);
        //添加文本
        graph.setColor(Color.black);
        Font font = new Font("楷体", Font.BOLD, fontSize);//字体，字型，字号
        graph.setFont(font);

        //文本水平,垂直居中
        FontRenderContext frc =
                new FontRenderContext(null, true, true);
        Rectangle2D r2D = font.getStringBounds(text, frc);
        int rWidth = (int) Math.round(r2D.getWidth());

        int a = (outImageWidth - rWidth) / 2;

        graph.drawString(text,a, outImageHeight - 5);//x,y为左下角坐标
        graph.dispose();
        return outImage;
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(无logo,无背景)
     * 根据内容，生成指定宽高、指定格式的二维码图片
     * @param text 内容
     * @param width 宽
     * @param height 高
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static BufferedImage encodeQrCode(String text, int width, int height) throws WriterException, IOException {
        //设置二维码配置
        Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
        // 设置QR二维码的纠错级别,指定纠错等级,纠错级别（L 7%、M 15%、Q 25%、H 30%）
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 0);// 白边
        //创建比特矩阵(位矩阵)的QR码编码的字符串
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);
        //二维码图片生成
        BufferedImage qrCodeImg = toBufferedImage(bitMatrix);

        return qrCodeImg;
    }

    /**
     * 解析二维码
     * @param image 读入的二维码图片
     * @return
     */
    public static String decodeQrCode(BufferedImage image) {

        String qrCodeContent = null;
        try {
            LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
            Binarizer binarizer = new HybridBinarizer(source);
            BinaryBitmap binaryBitmap = new BinaryBitmap(binarizer);
            Map<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<DecodeHintType, Object>();
            hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
            Result result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(binaryBitmap, hints);// 对图像进行解码
            qrCodeContent= result.getText();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return qrCodeContent;
    }

}

测试：

public class QrCodeUtilTest {
    public static BufferedImage bi = null;
    public static BitMatrix bitMatrix = null;
    public static BufferedImage bufferedImage = null;

    @Test
    public void encode() {
        try {
            //生成二维码代码
            bitMatrix = QrCodeUtil.encode("are you ok");
        } catch (WriterException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void toBufferedImage() {
        //生成二维码图片
        bufferedImage = QrCodeUtil.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix);
    }

    @Test
    public void writeToFile() {
        try {
            //生成一个随机的文件名
            String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
            //将图片存起来
            QrCodeUtil.writeToFile(bufferedImage, "png", "D:\\2\\" + fileName + ".png");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void addLogo() {
        try {
            //添加二维码logo,并生成二维码
            BufferedImage bufferedImage1=QrCodeUtil.addLogo(bufferedImage,"D:\\2\\电影票.svg");
            //生成一个随机的文件名
            String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
            //将图片存起来
            QrCodeUtil.writeToFile(bufferedImage1, "png", "D:\\2\\" + fileName + ".png");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void addBgImg() {

        try {
            //生成二维码背景图片
            BufferedImage bufferedImage2=QrCodeUtil.addBgImg(bufferedImage,"D:\\2\\电影票.png",0,0);
            //生成一个随机的文件名
            String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
            //将图片存起来
            QrCodeUtil.writeToFile(bufferedImage2, "png", "D:\\2\\" + fileName + ".png");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void addText() {

    }

    @Test
    public void encodeQrCode() {
        try {
            //生成二维码图片，二维码内容，二维码大小
            BufferedImage bi = QrCodeUtil.encodeQrCode("你好啊", 100, 100);
            //将生成的流写入到文件中
            QrCodeUtil.writeToFile(bi, "png", "D:\\2\\3.png");
        } catch (WriterException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void decodeQrCode() {
        try {
            //从路径中读取二维码，将图片加载到内存中
            String imgPath = "D:\\2\\3.png";
            BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(imgPath));
            //解析二维码，并输出相应的内容
            System.out.println(QrCodeUtil.decodeQrCode(image));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}