zxing实现二维码生成和解析

生成二维码的方式有很多，在此简单介绍Google的zxing使用

先加载需要用到的包，pom.xml文件里面添加：

<!-- 二维码生成 -->
		<dependency>
		  <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
		  <artifactId>core</artifactId>
		  <version>2.2</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
		  <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
		  <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
		  <version>2.2</version>
		</dependency>

工具类代码

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.Binarizer;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.NotFoundException;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

/**
 * 
 * 处理图片url
 */
public class QRCodeUtil {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws WriterException, IOException {
		testEncode();
		testDecode();
	}

	/**
	 * 生成图像
	 * 
	 * @throws WriterException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void testEncode() throws WriterException, IOException {
		String filePath = "D://";
		String fileName = "text.png";
		JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
		json.put("url", "https://www.baidu.com");
		json.put("author", "zwm");
		String content = json.toString();// 内容
		int width = 200; // 图像宽度
		int height = 200; // 图像高度
		String format = "png";// 图像类型
		Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<EncodeHintType, Object>();
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
		BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);// 生成矩阵
		Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(filePath, fileName);
		File file = new File(filePath + fileName);
		MatrixToImageWriter.writeToFile(bitMatrix, format, file);// 输出图像
		System.out.println("图片文件已经生成.请于D盘查找");
	}

	/**
	 * 解析图像
	 */
	public static void testDecode() {
		String filePath = "D://text.png";
		BufferedImage image;
		try {
			image = ImageIO.read(new File(filePath));
			LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
			Binarizer binarizer = new HybridBinarizer(source);
			BinaryBitmap binaryBitmap = new BinaryBitmap(binarizer);
			Map<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<DecodeHintType, Object>();
			hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
			Result result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(binaryBitmap, hints);// 对图像进行解码
			JSONObject content = JSONObject.fromObject(result.getText());
			System.out.println("图片中内容：  ");
			System.out.println("author:" + content.getString("author"));
			System.out.println("url：  " + content.getString("url"));
			System.out.println("图片中格式：  ");
			System.out.println("encode： " + result.getBarcodeFormat());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (NotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static BufferedImage createQRCode(final String url) throws WriterException, IOException {
		BufferedImage image = null;
		// 二维码图片输出流
		MultiFormatWriter multiFormatWriter = new MultiFormatWriter();
		HashMap<EncodeHintType, Comparable> hints = new HashMap<EncodeHintType, Comparable>();
		// 设置编码方式
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
		// 设置QR二维码的纠错级别（H为最高级别）具体级别信息
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.M);
		BitMatrix bitMatrix = multiFormatWriter.encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 400, 400, hints);
		bitMatrix = updateBit(bitMatrix, 10);
		image = MatrixToImageWriter.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix);
		return image;
	}

	/**
	 * 自定义白边边框宽度
	 *
	 * @param matrix
	 * @param margin
	 * @return
	 */
	private static BitMatrix updateBit(final BitMatrix matrix, final int margin) {
		int tempM = margin * 2;
		// 获取二维码图案的属性
		int[] rec = matrix.getEnclosingRectangle();
		int resWidth = rec[2] + tempM;
		int resHeight = rec[3] + tempM;
		// 按照自定义边框生成新的BitMatrix
		BitMatrix resMatrix = new BitMatrix(resWidth, resHeight);
		resMatrix.clear();
		// 循环，将二维码图案绘制到新的bitMatrix中
		for (int i = margin; i < resWidth - margin; i++) {
			for (int j = margin; j < resHeight - margin; j++) {
				if (matrix.get(i - margin + rec[0], j - margin + rec[1])) {
					resMatrix.set(i, j);
				}
			}
		}
		return resMatrix;
	}
}

直接运行即可看到效果，其中 createQRCode是用于直接将生成的二维码以流的形式在页面上输出，调用方法如下：

/**
     * 根据URL生成二维码
     * @param model
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws MaHuaServiceHandleException
     */
    @RequestMapping("/getQRCode")
    public void getQRCode(final @RequestAttribute(ReqBean.NAME) ReqBean reqBean,HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
        //二维码图片输出流
        OutputStream out = null;
        try{
            response.setContentType("image/jpeg;charset=UTF-8");
            BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createQRCode(url);
            //实例化输出流对象
            out = response.getOutputStream();
            //画图
            ImageIO.write(image, "png", response.getOutputStream());
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try{
                if (null != response.getOutputStream()) {
                    response.getOutputStream().close();
                }
                if (null != out) {
                    out.close();
                }
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

 在页面上调用此方法：

 <div style="height:100%;width:100%"><img style="width:100%" id="QRCode" src="./activity/getQRCode.do?" /></div>  

  这样生成的二维码则会再这个div的地方显示出来