C++刷题笔记
1、二叉树 Binary Tree
- Linked List 是特殊化的Tree
- Tree是特殊化的Graph
- 二叉树的遍历一般Pre-order, In-order, Post-order
- 前序遍历pre-order: 根-左-右
- 中序遍历in-order: 左=根-右
- 后续遍历post-order: 左-右-根
2、二叉搜索树 Binary Search Tree
- 二叉搜索树,也叫二叉排序树,有序二叉树(order Binary Tree)
- 排序二叉树(Sorted Binary Tree)是指一棵宝树或者具有下列性质的二叉树:
- 1. 左子树上的所有结点值均小于它的根节点的值。
- 2. 右子树上的所有结点值均大于它的根节点的值。
- 3. 以此类推,左右子树也分别为二叉查找树(这就是重复性)
- 二叉搜索树的常见操作:
- 1、查询 O(logn)
- 2、插入新结点(创建) O(logN)
- 3、删除
二叉树的遍历
二叉树的结构体
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
1、94-binary-tree-inorder-traversal 二叉树的中序遍历 - Medium
- 给定一个二叉树的根节点root,返回它的中序遍历
- 1、使用递归的
class Solution {
public:
//2.times 使用递归的方式,
void InorderTree(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& ans) {
if(!root)
return ;
if(root ->left)
InorderT(root ->left, ans);
ans.push_back(root ->val);
if(root ->right)
InorderT(root ->right, ans);
}
vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(!root)
return ans;
InorderTree(root, ans);
return ans;
}
};
- 2、利用栈进行模拟
class Solution{
public:
vector<int> inOrderTrtaversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int>ans;
stack<TreeNode*>tree_stack;
while(root || tree_stack.size()){
while(root) {
tree_stack.push(root);
root = root ->left;
}
root = tree_stack.top();
tree_stack.pop();
ans.push_back(root -> val);
root = root =>right;
}
return ans;
}
}
2、 144-binary-tree-preorder-traversal - Medium
- 给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回它节点值的前序遍历。
- 1、利用栈模拟的方式:
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(!root)
return ans;
stack<TreeNode*>s_tree;
s_tree.push(root);
while( !s_tree.empty()) {
TreeNode* cur = s_tree.top();
s_tree.pop();
ans.push_back(cur ->val);
if(cur ->left)
s_tree.push(cur ->left);
if(cur ->right)
s_tree.push(cur ->right);
}
reverse(ans.begin(), ans.end());
return ans;
}
};
- 2、使用递归的方式:
class Solution {
public:
//使用递归的方法进行
void Traversal(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& ans) { // 这里对对于vector的传入方式应该是选择以引用的方式进行参数传递
if(!root)
return;
ans.push_back(root ->val);
Traversal(root ->left, ans);
Traversal(root ->right, ans);
}
vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int>ans;
Traversal(root, ans);
return ans;
}
};
3、 145-binary tree postorder traversal - Mediun
- 给你一个二叉树,返回它的后序遍历
- 1、使用栈进行模拟
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(!root)
return ans;
stack<TreeNode*>s_tree;
s_tree.push(root);
while( !s_tree.empty()) {
TreeNode* cur = s_tree.top();
s_tree.pop();
ans.push_back(cur ->val);
if(cur ->left)
s_tree.push(cur ->left);
if(cur ->right)
s_tree.push(cur ->right);
}
reverse(ans.begin(), ans.end());
return ans;
}
};
- 2、使用递归的方式
class Solution{
public:
void PostTraversal(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& ans) {
if(! root)
return ;
if(root -> left)
PostTraversal(root ->left, ans);
if(root ->right)
PostTraversal(root ->right, ans);
ans.push_back(root -> val);
}
vector<int> postOrderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(! root)
return ans;
postTraversal(root, ans);
return ans;
}
}
n叉树的遍历
n叉树的结构体
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:
int val;
vector<Node*> children;
Node() {}
Node(int _val) {
val = _val;
}
Node(int _val, vector<Node*> _children) {
val = _val;
children = _children;
}
};
4、590- n-ary-tree-postorder-traversal - Easy
- 给定一个n叉树,返回其节点值的后序遍历
- 1、利用栈模拟
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> postorder(Node* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(!root)
return ans;
stack<Node*>s_tree;
s_tree.push(root);
while(! s_tree.empty()) {
Node* top = s_tree.top();
s_tree.pop();
ans.push_back(top ->val);
for(int i = 0; i< top ->children.size(); ++i ) {
if(top ->children[i])
s_tree.push(top ->children[i]);
}
}
reverse(ans.begin(), ans.end());
return ans;
}
};
- 2、使用递归方法
class Solution {
public:
void Traversal(Node* root, vector<int>&ans) {
if(! root)
return ;
for(int i = 0; i< root->children.size(); ++i) {
Traversal(root ->children[i], ans);
}
ans.push_back(root ->val);
}
vector<int> postorder(Node* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(! root)
return ans;
Traversal(root, ans);
return ans;
}
};
- 给定一个n叉树,返回其节点值的前序遍历
-
- 使用递归的方式:
class Solution {
public:
// 递归方式
void pre(Node* root, vector<int>& ans) {
if(!root)
return ;
ans.emplace_back(root ->val);
for(int i = 0; i< root ->children.size(); ++ i)
pre(root ->children[i], ans);
}
vector<int> preorder(Node* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(!root)
return ans;
pre(root, ans);
return ans;
}
};
-
- 使用迭代,栈模拟的方式
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> preorder(Node* root) {
vector<int>ans;
if(!root)
return ans;
stack<Node*>s_tree;
s_tree.push(root);
while(! s_tree.empty()) {
Node* top = s_tree.top();
s_tree.pop();
ans.push_back(top ->val);
for(int i = top ->children.size()-1;i >=0; --i ) {
if(top ->children[i])
s_tree.push(top ->children[i]);
}
}
//reverse(ans.begin(), ans.end());
return ans;
}
};
- 给定一个N叉树,返回其节点值的层序遍历,(即从左到右,逐层遍历)
-
- dfs的方式:
class Solution {
public:
void dfs(Node* root, vector<vector<int>>& ans, int levels) {
if(!root)
return ;
if(ans.size() == levels)
ans.push_back(vector<int>());
ans[levels].push_back(root->val);
for(auto &c: root ->children)
dfs(c, ans, levels+1);
}
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(Node* root) {
vector<vector<int>>ans;
if(! root)
return ans;
dfs(root, ans, 0);
return ans;
}
};
-
- 迭代,栈模拟方式:
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(Node* root) {
vector<vector<int>> ans;
if(! root)
return ans;
queue<Node*>q_tree;
q_tree.push(root);
while(!q_tree.empty()) {
vector<int> cur_ver;
int size_q = q_tree.size();
for(int i = 0; i< size_q; ++ i) {
Node* cur = q_tree.front();
q_tree.pop();
cur_ver.push_back(cur ->val);
for(int j = 0; j < cur ->children.size(); ++j ) {
if(cur ->children[j])
q_tree.push(cur ->children[j]);
}
}
ans.push_back(cur_ver);
}
return ans;
}
};