题目:
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
+----+-------+
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
+-------+------+
SQL架构:
Create table If Not Exists Scores (Id int, Score DECIMAL(3,2));
Truncate table Scores;
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('1', '3.5');
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('2', '3.65');
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('3', '4.0');
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('4', '3.85');
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('5', '4.0');
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('6', '3.65');
解题语句:
方法一:LEFT JOIN + 1个变量@rank
思路:使用自定义变量
- 声明变量@rank,初始赋值为 0
- 将 Score 字段去重后降序排序
- 随去重版 Score 的逐一递减,@rank 逐一加1
- Score & @rank 表( t 表)与原表连接,输出最终完整的 rank 数值
SELECT s1.Score, t.Rank
FROM
Scores s1
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT
Score,
@rank := @rank + 1 AS 'Rank'
FROM
( SELECT DISTINCT Score FROM Scores ORDER BY Score DESC ) s2,
( SELECT @rank := 0 ) r
) t ON s1.Score = t.Score
ORDER BY s1.Score DESC;
方法二:CASE 函数 + 2个变量
思路:
- 声明变量@rank 与@prev,初始赋值分别为 0 和 NULL
- @prev 每次赋值 Score 的新数值时,@rank 变量 + 1
- @prev 值等于 Score 时,@rank 不变
SELECT
Score,
CASE
WHEN @prev = Score THEN @rank
WHEN @prev := Score THEN @rank := @rank + 1
END AS 'Rank'
FROM
Scores s,
( SELECT @rank := 0, @prev := NULL ) r
ORDER BY
Score DESC;
更多排名方法详见:[SQL] MySQL实现多种排名查询