【STM32】GPIO相关API和类型(HAL库)

00. 目录

01. STM32概述

STM32是一款由意法半导体（STMicroelectronics，简称ST）公司制造的微控制器（MCU），它基于ARM Cortex-M内核设计，专为要求高性能、低成本、低功耗的嵌入式应用而设计。以下是对STM32的详细介绍：

产品概述

• 内核：STM32采用了ARM Cortex-M系列内核，包括M0、M0+、M3、M4和M7等多种系列，能够满足不同应用场景的需求。
• 特点：高性能、低成本、低功耗、可裁剪，这些特点使得STM32在嵌入式开发领域具有广泛的应用前景。
• 应用领域：STM32微控制器广泛应用于工业自动化、汽车电子、消费电子、物联网、无人机、嵌入式设备等多个领域。

产品系列

STM32系列微控制器按照内核架构和性能特点可以分为多个系列，主要包括：

• 主流产品：如STM32F0、STM32F1、STM32F3等，适用于一般的嵌入式应用。
• 超低功耗产品：如STM32L0、STM32L1、STM32L4等，专为低功耗设计，适用于对功耗要求较高的应用。
• 高性能产品：如STM32F2、STM32F4、STM32F7、STM32H7等，具有更高的处理速度和更强的外设功能，适用于需要高性能的应用场景。

技术特点

• 高性能：STM32微控制器的主频可达72MHz以上，能够满足各种高速数据处理需求。
• 丰富的外设资源：STM32集成了GPIO、USART、SPI、I2C等多种外设资源，可满足各种通信和控制需求。
• 低功耗：STM32采用了先进的低功耗技术，如休眠模式、待机模式等，可大幅降低功耗。
• 易用的开发工具：STM32提供了丰富的开发工具，如Keil、IAR等，支持多种编程语言（如C、C++、汇编等），方便开发人员进行开发和调试。

02. GPIO相关类型

2.1 GPIO_InitTypeDef

/**
  * @brief GPIO Init structure definition
  */
typedef struct
{
  uint32_t Pin;       /*!< Specifies the GPIO pins to be configured.
                           This parameter can be any value of @ref GPIO_pins_define */

  uint32_t Mode;      /*!< Specifies the operating mode for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_mode_define */

  uint32_t Pull;      /*!< Specifies the Pull-up or Pull-Down activation for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_pull_define */

  uint32_t Speed;     /*!< Specifies the speed for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_speed_define */
} GPIO_InitTypeDef;

2.2 GPIO_PinState

/**
  * @brief  GPIO Bit SET and Bit RESET enumeration
  */
typedef enum
{
  GPIO_PIN_RESET = 0u,
  GPIO_PIN_SET
} GPIO_PinState;

2.3 GPIO_pins_define

/** @defgroup GPIO_pins_define GPIO pins define
  * @{
  */
#define GPIO_PIN_0                 ((uint16_t)0x0001)  /* Pin 0 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_1                 ((uint16_t)0x0002)  /* Pin 1 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_2                 ((uint16_t)0x0004)  /* Pin 2 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_3                 ((uint16_t)0x0008)  /* Pin 3 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_4                 ((uint16_t)0x0010)  /* Pin 4 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_5                 ((uint16_t)0x0020)  /* Pin 5 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_6                 ((uint16_t)0x0040)  /* Pin 6 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_7                 ((uint16_t)0x0080)  /* Pin 7 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_8                 ((uint16_t)0x0100)  /* Pin 8 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_9                 ((uint16_t)0x0200)  /* Pin 9 selected    */
#define GPIO_PIN_10                ((uint16_t)0x0400)  /* Pin 10 selected   */
#define GPIO_PIN_11                ((uint16_t)0x0800)  /* Pin 11 selected   */
#define GPIO_PIN_12                ((uint16_t)0x1000)  /* Pin 12 selected   */
#define GPIO_PIN_13                ((uint16_t)0x2000)  /* Pin 13 selected   */
#define GPIO_PIN_14                ((uint16_t)0x4000)  /* Pin 14 selected   */
#define GPIO_PIN_15                ((uint16_t)0x8000)  /* Pin 15 selected   */
#define GPIO_PIN_All               ((uint16_t)0xFFFF)  /* All pins selected */

#define GPIO_PIN_MASK              0x0000FFFFu /* PIN mask for assert test */

2.4 GPIO_mode_define

/** @defgroup GPIO_mode_define GPIO mode define
  * @brief GPIO Configuration Mode
  *        Elements values convention: 0xX0yz00YZ
  *           - X  : GPIO mode or EXTI Mode
  *           - y  : External IT or Event trigger detection
  *           - z  : IO configuration on External IT or Event
  *           - Y  : Output type (Push Pull or Open Drain)
  *           - Z  : IO Direction mode (Input, Output, Alternate or Analog)
  * @{
  */
#define  GPIO_MODE_INPUT                        0x00000000u   /*!< Input Floating Mode                   */
#define  GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP                    0x00000001u   /*!< Output Push Pull Mode                 */
#define  GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD                    0x00000011u   /*!< Output Open Drain Mode                */
#define  GPIO_MODE_AF_PP                        0x00000002u   /*!< Alternate Function Push Pull Mode     */
#define  GPIO_MODE_AF_OD                        0x00000012u   /*!< Alternate Function Open Drain Mode    */
#define  GPIO_MODE_AF_INPUT                     GPIO_MODE_INPUT          /*!< Alternate Function Input Mode         */

#define  GPIO_MODE_ANALOG                       0x00000003u   /*!< Analog Mode  */

#define  GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING                    0x10110000u   /*!< External Interrupt Mode with Rising edge trigger detection          */
#define  GPIO_MODE_IT_FALLING                   0x10210000u   /*!< External Interrupt Mode with Falling edge trigger detection         */
#define  GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING_FALLING            0x10310000u   /*!< External Interrupt Mode with Rising/Falling edge trigger detection  */

#define  GPIO_MODE_EVT_RISING                   0x10120000u   /*!< External Event Mode with Rising edge trigger detection               */
#define  GPIO_MODE_EVT_FALLING                  0x10220000u   /*!< External Event Mode with Falling edge trigger detection              */
#define  GPIO_MODE_EVT_RISING_FALLING           0x10320000u   /*!< External Event Mode with Rising/Falling edge trigger detection       */

2.5 GPIO_speed_define

/** @defgroup GPIO_speed_define  GPIO speed define
  * @brief GPIO Output Maximum frequency
  * @{
  */
#define  GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW              (GPIO_CRL_MODE0_1) /*!< Low speed */
#define  GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_MEDIUM           (GPIO_CRL_MODE0_0) /*!< Medium speed */
#define  GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH             (GPIO_CRL_MODE0)   /*!< High speed */

2.6 GPIO_pull_define

/** @defgroup GPIO_pull_define GPIO pull define
  * @brief GPIO Pull-Up or Pull-Down Activation
  * @{
  */
#define  GPIO_NOPULL        0x00000000u   /*!< No Pull-up or Pull-down activation  */
#define  GPIO_PULLUP        0x00000001u   /*!< Pull-up activation                  */
#define  GPIO_PULLDOWN      0x00000002u   /*!< Pull-down activation                */

03. GPIO相关函数

3.1 HAL_GPIO_Init

/**
  * @brief  Initializes the GPIOx peripheral according to the specified parameters in the GPIO_Init.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G depending on device used) to select the GPIO peripheral
  * @param  GPIO_Init: pointer to a GPIO_InitTypeDef structure that contains
  *         the configuration information for the specified GPIO peripheral.
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIO_TypeDef  *GPIOx, GPIO_InitTypeDef *GPIO_Init)

3.2 HAL_GPIO_DeInit

/**
  * @brief  De-initializes the GPIOx peripheral registers to their default reset values.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G depending on device used) to select the GPIO peripheral
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: specifies the port bit to be written.
  *         This parameter can be one of GPIO_PIN_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIO_TypeDef  *GPIOx, uint32_t GPIO_Pin)

3.3 HAL_GPIO_ReadPin

/**
  * @brief  Reads the specified input port pin.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G depending on device used) to select the GPIO peripheral
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: specifies the port bit to read.
  *         This parameter can be GPIO_PIN_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @retval The input port pin value.
  */
GPIO_PinState HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIO_TypeDef *GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)

3.4 HAL_GPIO_WritePin

/**
  * @brief  Sets or clears the selected data port bit.
  *
  * @note   This function uses GPIOx_BSRR register to allow atomic read/modify
  *         accesses. In this way, there is no risk of an IRQ occurring between
  *         the read and the modify access.
  *
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G depending on device used) to select the GPIO peripheral
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: specifies the port bit to be written.
  *          This parameter can be one of GPIO_PIN_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @param  PinState: specifies the value to be written to the selected bit.
  *          This parameter can be one of the GPIO_PinState enum values:
  *            @arg GPIO_PIN_RESET: to clear the port pin
  *            @arg GPIO_PIN_SET: to set the port pin
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIO_TypeDef *GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin, GPIO_PinState PinState)

3.5 HAL_GPIO_TogglePin

/**
  * @brief  Toggles the specified GPIO pin
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G depending on device used) to select the GPIO peripheral
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: Specifies the pins to be toggled.
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIO_TypeDef *GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)

3.6 HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler

/**
  * @brief  This function handles EXTI interrupt request.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: Specifies the pins connected EXTI line
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)

3.7 HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback

/**
  * @brief  EXTI line detection callbacks.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: Specifies the pins connected EXTI line
  * @retval None
  */
__weak void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(GPIO_Pin);
  /* NOTE: This function Should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
           the HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback could be implemented in the user file
   */
}

04. 附录

网址：【STM32】STM32系列教程汇总