1.08 标准IO(Day2)

1.思维导图

2.使用fread和fwrite函数，重写昨天的第二个作业

1>程序代码

w1.h

#ifndef W1_H
#define W1_H
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
 
// 定义学生结构体
typedef struct student {
    char name[20];
    double math;
    double chinese;
    double english;
    double physical;
    double chemical;
    double biological;
    struct student *next; // 指向下一个节点
} Stu, *StuPtr;
 
// 函数声明
void save(StuPtr head);
StuPtr load(const char *filename);
void show(StuPtr head);
void setMath(const char *filename, double math);
 
#endif

w1.c

#include "w1.h"
 
// 保存链表中的学生信息到文件
void save(StuPtr head) {
    FILE *fp = fopen("demo1.bin", "w");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("打开失败\n");
        return;
    }
 
    StuPtr current = head;
    while (current) {
        fwrite(current,sizeof(Stu),1,fp);
		current = current->next;
    }
 
    fclose(fp);
    printf("学生信息已保存到文件\n");
}
 
// 从文件中读取学生信息到链表
StuPtr load(const char *filename) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("文件打开失败\n");
        return NULL;
    }
 
    StuPtr head = NULL, tail = NULL;
 
    while (1) {
        StuPtr newStudent = (StuPtr)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
        if((fread(newStudent,sizeof(Stu),1,fp)!=1))
		{
			free(newStudent);
            break;
        }
        newStudent->next = NULL;
 
        if (head == NULL) {
            head = newStudent;
            tail = newStudent;
        } else {
            tail->next = newStudent;
            tail = newStudent;
        }
    }
 
    fclose(fp);
    printf("学生信息已从文件加载到链表\n");
    return head;
}
 
// 显示链表中的学生信息
void show(StuPtr head) {
    StuPtr current = head;
	printf("姓名\t数学\t语文\t英语\t物理\t化学\t生物\n");
    while (current) {
        printf("%s\t%.2lf\t%.2lf\t%.2lf\t%.2lf\t%.2lf\t%.2lf\n", current->name,current->math,current->chinese,current->english,current->physical,current->chemical,current->biological);
        printf("----------------------------------------------------------\n");
        current = current->next;
    }
}
 
// 修改链表中所有学生的数学成绩并保存到文件
void setMath(const char *filename, double math) {
    StuPtr head = load(filename);
 
    StuPtr current = head;
    while (current) {
        current->math = math;
        current = current->next;
    }
 
    save(head);
 
    // 释放链表
    current = head;
    while (current) {
        StuPtr temp = current;
        current = current->next;
        free(temp);
    }
 
    printf("所有学生的数学成绩已修改为 %lf\n", math);
}

main.c

#include "w1.h"
 
int main() {
    // 创建链表头结点
    StuPtr head = NULL, tail = NULL;
 
    // 初始化链表中的学生信息
    StuPtr student1 = (StuPtr)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
    strcpy(student1->name, "张三");
    student1->math = 78;
    student1->chinese = 88;
    student1->english = 98;
    student1->physical = 66;
    student1->chemical = 87;
    student1->biological = 93;
    student1->next = NULL;
 
    StuPtr student2 = (StuPtr)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
    strcpy(student2->name, "李四");
    student2->math = 55;
    student2->chinese = 66;
    student2->english = 55;
    student2->physical = 55;
    student2->chemical = 55;
    student2->biological = 55;
    student2->next = NULL;
 
    StuPtr student3 = (StuPtr)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
    strcpy(student3->name, "王五");
    student3->math = 66;
    student3->chinese = 66;
    student3->english = 6;
    student3->physical = 66;
    student3->chemical = 66;
    student3->biological = 66;
    student3->next = NULL;
 
    // 将学生加入链表
    head = student1;
    tail = student1;
    tail->next = student2;
    tail = student2;
    tail->next = student3;
 
    // 保存链表到文件
    save(head);
 
    // 加载学生信息到新链表
    StuPtr newHead = load("demo1.bin");
 
    // 显示链表中的学生信息
    printf("初始学生信息:\n");
    show(newHead);
 
    // 修改数学成绩并保存
    setMath("demo1.bin", 100);
 
    // 加载修改后的学生信息并显示
    StuPtr updatedHead = load("demo1.bin");
    printf("修改后的学生信息:\n");
    show(updatedHead);
 
    // 释放链表
    StuPtr current = updatedHead;
    while (current) {
        StuPtr temp = current;
        current = current->next;
        free(temp);
    }
 
    return 0;
}

2>运行结果显示

3.使用fread和fwrite将一张任意bmp图片改成德旗

1>程序代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	FILE *fp = fopen("rising_freedom.bmp","r+");
	if(fp == NULL)
	{
		perror("fopen");
		return 1;
	}

	int bmp_size = 0,bmp_width = 0,bmp_height = 0;
	fseek(fp,2,SEEK_SET);
	fread(&bmp_size,4,1,fp);
	printf("图片的大小为：%d\n",bmp_size);

	fseek(fp,18,SEEK_SET);
	fread(&bmp_width,4,1,fp);
	fread(&bmp_height,4,1,fp);
	printf("图片的像素格式为：%d * %d\n",bmp_width,bmp_height);

	fseek(fp,54,SEEK_SET);

	unsigned char bgr1[3] = {0,0,0};//黑色
	unsigned char bgr2[3] = {0,0,255};//红色
	unsigned char bgr3[3] = {0,255,255};//黄色

	for(int i=0;i<bmp_width * bmp_height/3;i++)
	{
		fwrite(bgr3,3,1,fp);   
	}

	for(int i=0;i<bmp_width *bmp_height/3;i++)
	{
		fwrite(bgr2,3,1,fp);
	}

	for(int i=0;i<bmp_width *bmp_height/3;i++)
	{
		fwrite(bgr1,3,1,fp);
	}
	fclose(fp);
	return 0;
}

2>运行结果显示