[DP][容斥原理] 2017 TCC India Online Div1 Hard ConsecutivePalindromes

$Solution$

考虑其反面，就是不存在一个子序列是回文串。
实际上需要考虑的只有连续的两个和三个字符。因为其他情况都已经包含在这个之中。
设$dp_{i,l,0/1,0/1,0/1}$表示考虑到$i$，长度为$l$，$i,i-1,i-2$是否选取的状态为$0/1$。
直接DP，最后把长度大于2的上升序列方案数减掉DP出来的不合法方案数就好啦。
写的时候偷了懒，其实$l$那一维只需要存$0,1,\ge2$三种情况就好啦。那就可以$\mathcal{O}(n)$啦。

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#line 5 "ConsecutivePalindromes.cpp"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 2020;
const int MOD = 1000000007;

int f[N][N][2][2][2];
char s[N];
int n, res, ans, fac;

inline int add(int &x, int a) {
    x = (x + a) % MOD;
}

class ConsecutivePalindromes {  
public:
    int get(int pos) {
        if (s[pos - 1] == s[pos]) return 2;
        if (pos >= 3 && s[pos - 2] == s[pos]) return 3;
        return 0;
    }
    int countStrings(string S) {
        n = S.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            s[i + 1] = S[i];
        memset(f, 0, sizeof f);
        f[1][0][0][0][0] = f[1][1][0][0][1] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            int lim = get(i + 1);
            for (int l = 0; l <= i; l++)
                for (int x = 0; x < 2; x++)
                    for (int y = 0; y < 2; y++)
                        for (int z = 0; z < 2; z++)
                            for (int t = 0; t < 2; t++)
                                if (lim == 2) {
                                    if ((z & t) == 1) continue;
                                    add(f[i + 1][l + t][y][z][t], f[i][l][x][y][z]);
                                } else if (lim == 3) {
                                    if ((y & z & t) == 1) continue;
                                    add(f[i + 1][l + t][y][z][t], f[i][l][x][y][z]);
                                } else {
                                    add(f[i + 1][l + t][y][z][t], f[i][l][x][y][z]);
                                }
        }
        res = 0;
        for (int l = 2; l <= n; l++)
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
                    for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
                        add(res, f[n][l][i][j][k]);
        int pw = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) pw = 2 * pw % MOD;
        ans = (pw - n - 1 + MOD) % MOD;
        ans = (ans - res + MOD) % MOD;
        return ans;
    }

    // BEGIN CUT HERE
public:
    void run_test(int Case) { if ((Case == -1) || (Case == 0)) test_case_0(); if ((Case == -1) || (Case == 1)) test_case_1(); if ((Case == -1) || (Case == 2)) test_case_2(); if ((Case == -1) || (Case == 3)) test_case_3(); if ((Case == -1) || (Case == 4)) test_case_4(); if ((Case == -1) || (Case == 5)) test_case_5(); if ((Case == -1) || (Case == 6)) test_case_6(); }
private:
    template <typename T> string print_array(const vector<T> &V) { ostringstream os; os << "{ "; for (typename vector<T>::const_iterator iter = V.begin(); iter != V.end(); ++iter) os << '\"' << *iter << "\","; os << " }"; return os.str(); }
    void verify_case(int Case, const int &Expected, const int &Received) { cerr << "Test Case #" << Case << "..."; if (Expected == Received) cerr << "PASSED" << endl; else { cerr << "FAILED" << endl; cerr << "\tExpected: \"" << Expected << '\"' << endl; cerr << "\tReceived: \"" << Received << '\"' << endl; } }
    void test_case_0() { string Arg0 = "AAA"; int Arg1 = 3; verify_case(0, Arg1, countStrings(Arg0)); }
    void test_case_1() { string Arg0 = "ABCDEF"; int Arg1 = 0; verify_case(1, Arg1, countStrings(Arg0)); }
    void test_case_2() { string Arg0 = "BBAA"; int Arg1 = 7; verify_case(2, Arg1, countStrings(Arg0)); }
    void test_case_3() { string Arg0 = "ABCBA"; int Arg1 = 4; verify_case(3, Arg1, countStrings(Arg0)); }
    void test_case_4() { string Arg0 = "TOPPAPPOT"; int Arg1 = 240; verify_case(4, Arg1, countStrings(Arg0)); }
    void test_case_5() { string Arg0 = "AYUEOPPOLAKIKIKIUYOPZOOLPPPPKMOPOLIURKMQOAPLFKTURIWOOWWWPLOLWWWOPSLAA"; int Arg1 = 216072426; verify_case(5, Arg1, countStrings(Arg0)); }
    void test_case_6() { string Arg0 = "Z"; int Arg1 = 0; verify_case(6, Arg1, countStrings(Arg0)); }

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};

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int main(void) {
    ConsecutivePalindromes ___test;
    ___test.run_test(-1);
    system("pause");
}
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