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最近在公司实习，正好对接了亲子评论文本分类的需求，针对该需求，笔者通过查询各方资料，在GitHub上download了若干代码，发现textcnn在文本分类方面的确很有优势，趁现在有时间就来好好的分析一波该代码，至于效果大家可以自行尝试。
1、主程序部分：train.py
代码重要部分均有注释
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import os
import time
import datetime
import data_helpers
from text_cnn import TextCNN
from tensorflow.contrib import learn
import logging
# 参数设置
# ==================================================
# 导入数据参数
tf.flags.DEFINE_float("dev_sample_percentage", .1, "Percnentage of the training data to use for validation")
tf.flags.DEFINE_string("family_nofamily_comments", "./data/rt-polaritydata/family_nofamily_comments_1w.txt", "Data source for the positive data.")
#tf.flags.DEFINE_string("negative_data_file", "./data/rt-polaritydata/rt-polarity.neg", "Data source for the negative data.")
# 模型超参数
tf.flags.DEFINE_integer("embedding_dim", 128, "Dimensionality of character embedding (default: 128)")
tf.flags.DEFINE_string("filter_sizes", "3,4,5", "Comma-separated filter sizes (default: '3,4,5')")
tf.flags.DEFINE_integer("num_filters", 128, "Number of filters per filter size (default: 128)")
tf.flags.DEFINE_float("dropout_keep_prob", 0.5, "Dropout keep probability (default: 0.5)")
tf.flags.DEFINE_float("l2_reg_lambda", 0.0, "L2 regularization lambda (default: 0.0)")
# 训练参数
tf.flags.DEFINE_integer("batch_size", 64, "Batch Size (default: 64)")
tf.flags.DEFINE_integer("num_epochs", 2, "Number of training epochs (default: 200)")
tf.flags.DEFINE_integer("evaluate_every", 100, "Evaluate model on dev set after this many steps (default: 100)")
tf.flags.DEFINE_integer("checkpoint_every", 100, "Save model after this many steps (default: 100)")
tf.flags.DEFINE_integer("num_checkpoints", 5, "Number of checkpoints to store (default: 5)")
# 其他参数
tf.flags.DEFINE_boolean("allow_soft_placement", True, "Allow device soft device placement")
tf.flags.DEFINE_boolean("log_device_placement", False, "Log placement of ops on devices")
FLAGS = tf.flags.FLAGS
# ==================================================
#数据预处理
# ==================================================
def preprocess():
# 导入数据
print("Loading data...")
x_text, y = data_helpers.load_data_and_labels(FLAGS.family_nofamily_comments)
# 建立词典
max_document_length = max([len(x.split(" ")) for x in x_text])
vocab_processor = learn.preprocessing.VocabularyProcessor(max_document_length)
x = np.array(list(vocab_processor.fit_transform(x_text)))
# 将数据随机打散
np.random.seed(10)
shuffle_indices = np.random.permutation(np.arange(len(y)))
x_shuffled = x[shuffle_indices]
y_shuffled = y[shuffle_indices]
# 划分训练集和测试集
# TODO: This is very crude, should use cross-validation
dev_sample_index = -1 * int(FLAGS.dev_sample_percentage * float(len(y)))
x_train, x_dev = x_shuffled[:dev_sample_index], x_shuffled[dev_sample_index:]
y_train, y_dev = y_shuffled[:dev_sample_index], y_shuffled[dev_sample_index:]
#情况内存
del x, y, x_shuffled, y_shuffled
print("Vocabulary Size: {:d}".format(len(vocab_processor.vocabulary_)))
print("Train/Dev split: {:d}/{:d}".format(len(y_train), len(y_dev)))
return x_train, y_train, vocab_processor, x_dev, y_dev
# 训练过程
# ==================================================
def train(x_train, y_train, vocab_processor, x_dev, y_dev):
with tf.Graph().as_default():
session_conf = tf.ConfigProto(
allow_soft_placement=FLAGS.allow_soft_placement,
log_device_placement=FLAGS.log_device_placement)
sess = tf.Session(config=session_conf)
with sess.as_default():
cnn = TextCNN(
sequence_length=x_train.shape[1],
num_classes=y_train.shape[1],
vocab_size=len(vocab_processor.vocabulary_),
embedding_size=FLAGS.embedding_dim,
filter_sizes=list(map(int, FLAGS.filter_sizes.split(","))),
num_filters=FLAGS.num_filters,
l2_reg_lambda=FLAGS.l2_reg_lambda)
# 定义训练过程
global_step = tf.Variable(0, name="global_step", trainable=False)
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-3)
grads_and_vars = optimizer.compute_gradients(cnn.loss)
train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(grads_and_vars, global_step=global_step)
# 记录梯度值和稀疏度（可选）
grad_summaries = []
for g, v in grads_and_vars:
if g is not None:
grad_hist_summary = tf.summary.histogram("{}/grad/hist".format(v.name), g)
sparsity_summary = tf.summary.scalar("{}/grad/sparsity".format(v.name), tf.nn.zero_fraction(g))
grad_summaries.append(grad_hist_summary)
grad_summaries.append(sparsity_summary)
grad_summaries_merged = tf.summary.merge(grad_summaries)
#训练模型与评价指标输出路径
timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
out_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.curdir, "runs", timestamp))
print("Writing to {}\n".format(out_dir))
# 评价指标
loss_summary = tf.summary.scalar("loss", cnn.loss)
acc_summary = tf.summary.scalar("accuracy", cnn.accuracy)
rec_summary = tf.summary.scalar("recall", cnn.recall)
pre_summary = tf.summary.scalar("precision", cnn.precision)
# 训练时显示评价指标
train_summary_op = tf.summary.merge([loss_summary, acc_summary, rec_summary, pre_summary, grad_summaries_merged])
train_summary_dir = os.path.join(out_dir, "summaries", "train")
train_summary_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(train_summary_dir, sess.graph)
# 验证时显示评价指标
dev_summary_op = tf.summary.merge([loss_summary, acc_summary, rec_summary, pre_summary])
dev_summary_dir = os.path.join(out_dir, "summaries", "dev")
dev_summary_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(dev_summary_dir, sess.graph)
# Checkpoint路径. Tensorflow默认该路径已存在，因为必须先创建它
checkpoint_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(out_dir, "checkpoints"))
checkpoint_prefix = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "model")
if not os.path.exists(checkpoint_dir):
os.makedirs(checkpoint_dir)
saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.global_variables(), max_to_keep=FLAGS.num_checkpoints)
# 输出字典
vocab_processor.save(os.path.join(out_dir, "vocab"))
# 初始化所有变量
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
def train_step(x_batch, y_batch):
"""
训练一个batch
"""
feed_dict = {
cnn.input_x: x_batch,
cnn.input_y: y_batch,
cnn.dropout_keep_prob: FLAGS.dropout_keep_prob
}
_, step, summaries, loss, accuracy, recall, precision = sess.run(
[train_op, global_step, train_summary_op, cnn.loss, cnn.accuracy, cnn.recall, cnn.precision],
feed_dict)
time_str = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()
log.info("{}: step {}, loss {:g}, acc {:g}, rec {:g}, pre {:g}".format(time_str, step, loss, accuracy, recall, precision))
train_summary_writer.add_summary(summaries, step)
def dev_step(x_batch, y_batch, writer=None):
"""
在验证集上评价模型
"""
batches_dev = data_helpers.batch_iter(
list(zip(x_batch, y_batch)), FLAGS.batch_size, 1)
# 为一个epoch生成若干batches
total_loss = 0
total_accuracy = 0
total_recall = 0
total_precision = 0
batch_number = 0
for batch_dev in batches_dev:
batch_number = batch_number + 1
x_batch_dev, y_batch_dev = zip(*batch_dev)
feed_dict = {
cnn.input_x: x_batch_dev,
cnn.input_y: y_batch_dev,
cnn.dropout_keep_prob: 1.0
}
step, summaries, loss, accuracy, recall, precision = sess.run(
[global_step, dev_summary_op, cnn.loss, cnn.accuracy, cnn.recall, cnn.precision],
feed_dict)
total_loss = total_loss + loss
total_accuracy = total_accuracy + accuracy
total_recall = total_recall + recall
total_precision = total_precision + precision
total_loss = total_loss / batch_number
total_accuracy = total_accuracy / batch_number
total_recall = total_recall / batch_number
total_precision = total_precision / batch_number
time_str = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()
log.info("{}: step {}, loss {:g}, acc {:g}, rec {:g}, pre {:g}".format(time_str, step, total_loss, total_accuracy, total_recall, total_precision))
if writer:
writer.add_summary(summaries, step)
# 生成batches
batches = data_helpers.batch_iter(
list(zip(x_train, y_train)), FLAGS.batch_size, FLAGS.num_epochs)
# 获取TF训练过程中的日志 即红字打印的部分
log = logging.getLogger('tensorflow')
log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# 创建formatter并把其放入handlers
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
fh = logging.FileHandler('tensorflow.log')
log.addHandler(fh)
for batch in batches:
x_batch, y_batch = zip(*batch)
train_step(x_batch, y_batch)
current_step = tf.train.global_step(sess, global_step)
if current_step % FLAGS.evaluate_every == 0:
log.info("\nEvaluation:")
dev_step(x_dev, y_dev, writer=dev_summary_writer)
log.info("")
if current_step % FLAGS.checkpoint_every == 0:
path = saver.save(sess, checkpoint_prefix, global_step=current_step)
log.info("Saved model checkpoint to {}\n".format(path))
# 创建用于记录调试消息的文件助手(file handler)
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
def main(argv=None):
x_train, y_train, vocab_processor, x_dev, y_dev = preprocess()
train(x_train, y_train, vocab_processor, x_dev, y_dev)
if __name__ == '__main__':
tf.app.run()
2、 模型建立部分：text_cnn.py
代码重要部分均有注释
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from sklearn import metrics
class TextCNN(object):
"""
A CNN for text classification.
Uses an embedding layer, followed by a convolutional, max-pooling and softmax layer.
定义一个用于文本分类的CNN
该网络由一个词嵌入层，一个卷积层，一个池化层和一个softmax层构成
"""
def __init__(
self, sequence_length, num_classes, vocab_size,
embedding_size, filter_sizes, num_filters, l2_reg_lambda=0.0):
# 定义输入、输出和dropout
self.input_x = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, sequence_length], name="input_x")
self.input_y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, num_classes], name="input_y")
self.dropout_keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name="dropout_keep_prob")
# 记录l2正则损失
l2_loss = tf.constant(0.0)
# 词嵌入层
with tf.name_scope("embedding"):
self.W = tf.Variable(
tf.random_uniform([vocab_size, embedding_size], -1.0, 1.0),
name="W")
self.embedded_chars = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(self.W, self.input_x)
self.embedded_chars_expanded = tf.expand_dims(self.embedded_chars, -1)
# 为每个滤子创建卷积+ maxpool层
pooled_outputs = []
for i, filter_size in enumerate(filter_sizes):
with tf.name_scope("conv-maxpool-%s" % filter_size):
# 卷积层
filter_shape = [filter_size, embedding_size, 1, num_filters]
W = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(filter_shape, stddev=0.1), name="W")
b = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[num_filters]), name="b")
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(
self.embedded_chars_expanded,
W,
strides=[1, 1, 1, 1],
padding="VALID",
name="conv")
# 非线性激活层
h = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, b), name="relu")
# 最大池化层
pooled = tf.nn.max_pool(
h,
ksize=[1, sequence_length - filter_size + 1, 1, 1],
strides=[1, 1, 1, 1],
padding='VALID',
name="pool")
pooled_outputs.append(pooled)
# 将池化结果进行拼接
num_filters_total = num_filters * len(filter_sizes)
self.h_pool = tf.concat(pooled_outputs, 3)
self.h_pool_flat = tf.reshape(self.h_pool, [-1, num_filters_total])
# 接dropout层
with tf.name_scope("dropout"):
self.h_drop = tf.nn.dropout(self.h_pool_flat, self.dropout_keep_prob)
# 计算未归一化得分与预测结果
with tf.name_scope("output"):
W = tf.get_variable(
"W",
shape=[num_filters_total, num_classes],
initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer())
b = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[num_classes]), name="b")
l2_loss += tf.nn.l2_loss(W)
l2_loss += tf.nn.l2_loss(b)
self.scores = tf.nn.xw_plus_b(self.h_drop, W, b, name="scores")
self.predictions = tf.argmax(self.scores, 1, name="predictions")
# 计算平均交叉熵损失
with tf.name_scope("loss"):
losses = tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=self.scores, labels=self.input_y)
self.loss = tf.reduce_mean(losses) + l2_reg_lambda * l2_loss
# 计算精度
with tf.name_scope("accuracy"):
correct_predictions = tf.equal(self.predictions, tf.argmax(self.input_y, 1))
self.accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_predictions, "float"), name="acuracy")
prediction = self.predictions
print("prediction")
print(prediction)
actuals = tf.argmax(self.input_y, 1)
print("actuals")
print(actuals)
ones_like_actuals = tf.ones_like(actuals)
zeros_like_actuals = tf.zeros_like(actuals)
ones_like_predictions = tf.ones_like(prediction)
zeros_like_predictions = tf.zeros_like(prediction)
tp = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.cast(
tf.logical_and(
tf.equal(actuals, ones_like_actuals),
tf.equal(prediction, ones_like_predictions)
),
"float"
)
)
tn = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.cast(
tf.logical_and(
tf.equal(actuals, zeros_like_actuals),
tf.equal(prediction, zeros_like_predictions)
),
"float"
)
)
fp = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.cast(
tf.logical_and(
tf.equal(actuals, zeros_like_actuals),
tf.equal(prediction, ones_like_predictions)
),
"float"
)
)
fn = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.cast(
tf.logical_and(
tf.equal(actuals, ones_like_actuals),
tf.equal(prediction, zeros_like_predictions)
),
"float"
)
)
tpr = tp / (tp + fn)
fpr = fp / (fp + tn)
fnr = fn / (tp + fn)
# 计算查准率、查全率、f1值与精度
accuracy = (tp + tn) / (tp + fp + fn + tn)
self.recall = tpr
self.precision = tp / (tp + fp)
f1_score = (2 * (self.precision * self.recall)) / (self.precision + self.recall)
3、数据处理部分data_helpers.py
代码重要部分均有注释
import numpy as np
import re
import jieba
#文本句子清理
def clean_str(string):
string = re.sub(r"[^A-Za-z0-9(),!?\'\`]", " ", string)
string = re.sub(r"\'s", " \'s", string)
string = re.sub(r"\'ve", " \'ve", string)
string = re.sub(r"n\'t", " n\'t", string)
string = re.sub(r"\'re", " \'re", string)
string = re.sub(r"\'d", " \'d", string)
string = re.sub(r"\'ll", " \'ll", string)
string = re.sub(r",", " , ", string)
string = re.sub(r"!", " ! ", string)
string = re.sub(r"\(", " \( ", string)
string = re.sub(r"\)", " \) ", string)
string = re.sub(r"\?", " \? ", string)
string = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", string)
return string.strip().lower()
#导入亲子评论正负样本，返回句子和标签
def load_data_and_labels(family_nofamily_comments):
# 给出文档路径
filename = family_nofamily_comments
family_texts = []
no_family_texts = []
# 创建停用词列表
def stopwordslist():
stopwords = [line.strip() for line in open('stopwords', encoding='UTF-8').readlines()]
return stopwords
# 对句子进行中文分词
def seg_depart(sentence):
# 对文档中的每一行进行中文分词
# print("正在分词")
sentence_depart = jieba.cut(sentence.strip())
# 创建一个停用词列表
stopwords = stopwordslist()
# 输出结果为outstr
outstr = ''
# 去停用词
for word in sentence_depart:
if " " in word or len(word) == 1:
continue
word = re.sub('[a-zA-Z0-9]', '', word)
if word not in stopwords:
if word != '\t':
outstr += word
outstr += " "
return outstr
with open(filename) as txtData:
lines = txtData.readlines()
for line in lines:
lines = line.strip().split('\001')
if lines[2] == '1':
line_seg = seg_depart(lines[1])
family_texts.append(line_seg.strip())
else:
line_seg = seg_depart(lines[1])
no_family_texts.append(line_seg.strip())
positive_examples = family_texts
negative_examples = no_family_texts
# 将正负样本不含标签的部分进行拼接
x_text = positive_examples + negative_examples
#x_text = [clean_str(sent) for sent in x_text]
# 生成标签部分
positive_labels = [[0, 1] for _ in positive_examples]
negative_labels = [[1, 0] for _ in negative_examples]
y = np.concatenate([positive_labels, negative_labels], 0)
return [x_text, y]
#结合迭代次数num_epochs生成若干batches
def batch_iter(data, batch_size, num_epochs, shuffle=True):
data = np.array(data)
data_size = len(data)
num_batches_per_epoch = int((len(data)-1)/batch_size) + 1
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
#为每个epoch随机打乱数据集
if shuffle:
shuffle_indices = np.random.permutation(np.arange(data_size))
shuffled_data = data[shuffle_indices]
else:
shuffled_data = data
for batch_num in range(num_batches_per_epoch):
start_index = batch_num * batch_size
end_index = min((batch_num + 1) * batch_size, data_size)
yield shuffled_data[start_index:end_index]
至此基于CNN的文本分类模型的code已贴上完毕。
日积月累，与君共进，增增小结，未完待续。
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