QThread线程学习笔记

1、QT版本

QT5.1

2、下面的测试程序在QtCreator的Qt Gui应用（QDialog）模板修改而成

3、下面是测试代码

头文件

#ifndef DIALOG_H

#define DIALOG_H

#include <QDialog>

#include <QThread>

#include <QTimer>

class Object;

class Thread : public QThread

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    Thread(QObject *parent = 0);

Q_SIGNALS:

    void signalA();

private slots:

    void slotB();

    void slotT(); //响应定时器的槽

private:

    void run();

    //定义为类成员与在run()函数中定义该对象指针对线程执行没影响

    Object *object;

    QTimer *t;

};

class Object : public QObject

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    Object(QObject *parent =0);

public slots:

    void slotT();//响应定时器的槽

};

namespace Ui {

class Dialog;

}

class Dialog : public QDialog

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    explicit Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0);

    ~Dialog();

Q_SIGNALS:

    void signalB();

private slots:

    void slotA();

    void slotBtnA();//响应按键ui->pushbutton

private:

    Ui::Dialog *ui;

    Thread *thread ;

};

#endif // DIALOG_H

源文件

#include "dialog.h"

#include "ui_dialog.h"

#include <QDebug>

Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent) :

    QDialog(parent),

    ui(new Ui::Dialog)

{

    ui->setupUi(this);

    thread = new Thread(this);

    connect(thread, SIGNAL(signalA()), this, SLOT(slotA()));

//    connect(this, SIGNAL(signalB()), thread, SLOT(slotB()));

    connect(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(slotBtnA()));

    qDebug()<<"Dialog Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

}

Dialog::~Dialog()

{

    delete ui;

}

void Dialog::slotA()

{

    qDebug()<<"Dialog::slotA Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

}

void Dialog::slotBtnA()

{

    Q_EMIT(signalB());

}

Thread::Thread(QObject *parent):

    QThread(parent)

{   //在构造函数定义（new）的对象都属于界面线程（主线程），下面测试的对象都在run()函数体里构建

    start();

}

void Thread::run()

{

    QTimer *t = new QTimer();

    object = new Object();

/*

 *object = new Object(this); 这样创建将会报警：

 *QObject: Cannot create children for a parent that is in a different thread.

 *(Parent is Thread(0x3dcea8), parent's thread is QThread(0x11fbe8d0), current thread is Thread(0x3dcea8)

 *但程序可以运行，且下面定时器响应槽slotT()是在子线程执行的

*/

    connect(t, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(slotT()));//由于this这个对象属于主线程，故它的槽slotT是有主线程执行

    connect(t, SIGNAL(timeout()), object, SLOT(slotT())); //同理object在子线程创建，故它的槽slotT是由子线程执行

    t->start(3000);

    Dialog *parentDlg = qobject_cast<Dialog*>(parent());

    connect(parentDlg, SIGNAL(signalB()), this, SLOT(slotB()));//这个同上面一样，有主线程执行槽

    qDebug()<<"Sub Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

    Q_EMIT(signalA());

    exec();

}

void Thread::slotB()

{

    qDebug()<<"Thread::slotB Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

}

void Thread::slotT()

{

    qDebug()<<"Thread::slotT Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

}

void Object::slotT()

{

    qDebug()<<"Object::slotT Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

}

Object::Object(QObject *parent):

    QObject(parent)

{

}

 

由此可总结出：

1）、子类化QThread的类的构造函数，创建它的线程执行，创建出的对象（thread），属于创建它的那个线程；

2）、两线程通过信号与槽通信，槽函数由哪个线程执行，主要看其对象属于哪个线程（即创建它的那个线程），和connect的调用位置无关

3）、在子线程中创建对象时，主要避免使用父线程创建的对象作为父对象

 

 为了在子线程中处理耗时逻辑，使用上面这种信号和槽的连接方法，虽然可用，但连接的信号和槽太多，太乱，特别是子线程还要返回执行结果的情况下，又要定义一组信号和槽。所以可以使用

QMetaObject::invokeMethod

void MainWindow::slotBtnClick()

{

    int retVal = 0;

    int a = 1;

    int b = 1;

    //QMetaMethod::invoke: Unable to invoke methods with return values in queued connections

    //bool bInvoke = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(&m_thread, "slotAdd", Qt::AutoConnection, Q_RETURN_ARG(int, retVal), Q_ARG(int, a), Q_ARG(int, b));

    //bool bInvoke = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(&m_thread, "slotAdd", Qt::QueuedConnection, Q_RETURN_ARG(int, retVal), Q_ARG(int, a), Q_ARG(int, b));

    bool bInvoke = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(&m_thread, "slotAdd", Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection, Q_RETURN_ARG(int, retVal), Q_ARG(int, a), Q_ARG(int, b));

    qDebug()<<"QMetaObject::invokeMethod "<<bInvoke<<" a+b= "<<retVal;

    qDebug()<<"MainWindow::slotBtnClick() Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

}

注意：线程间调用只有BlockingQueuedConnection才可以使用返回值

int Thread::slotAdd(int a, int b)

{

    int c = a + b;

    qDebug()<<"Thread::slotAdd Thread ID : "<<QThread::currentThreadId();

    return c;

}

 结果

Thread::run() Thread ID : 0x1e08

Thread::slotAdd Thread ID : 0x1e08

QMetaObject::invokeMethod true a+b= 2

MainWindow::slotBtnClick() Thread ID : 0x3310