vars()

vars()为Python内置函数，用于返回对象object的属性和属性值的字典对象，或者说，返回对象的__dict__属性，前提是对象具有__dict__属性，常见如模块、类、实例。

使用方法

语法格式：vars([object])

vars()函数具有一个可选参数object

• 当函数不接收参数时，其功能和locals()函数一样，返回当前作用域内的局部变量。
• 当函数接收一个参数时，参数可以是模块、类、类实例，或者定义了__dict__属性的对象。

#作用于模块
>>> import time
>>> vars(time)
{'gmtime': <built-in function gmtime>, 'tzname': ('Öйú±ê׼ʱ¼ä', 'ÖйúÏÄÁîʱ'), 'timezone': -28800, 'struct_time': <class 'time.struct_time'>, 'ctime': <built-in function ctime>, 'perf_counter': <built-in function perf_counter>, 'mktime': <built-in function mktime>, 'localtime': <built-in function localtime>, 'time': <built-in function time>, '__package__': '', 'altzone': -32400, 'clock': <built-in function clock>, 'strptime': <built-in function strptime>, 'monotonic': <built-in function monotonic>, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, 'get_clock_info': <built-in function get_clock_info>, 'sleep': <built-in function sleep>, 'process_time': <built-in function process_time>, '__name__': 'time', '_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS': 9, '__spec__': ModuleSpec(name='time', loader=<class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, origin='built-in'),  'strftime': <built-in function strftime>, 'asctime': <built-in function asctime>, 'daylight': 0}

#作用于类
>>> vars(slice)
mappingproxy({'__ne__': <slot wrapper '__ne__' of 'slice' objects>, '__getattribute__': <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'slice' objects>, '__reduce__': <method '__reduce__' of 'slice' objects>, 'start': <member 'start' of 'slice' objects>, 'indices': <method 'indices' of 'slice' objects>, '__ge__': <slot wrapper '__ge__' of 'slice' objects>, 'stop': <member 'stop' of 'slice' objects>, '__eq__': <slot wrapper '__eq__' of 'slice' objects>, 'step': <member 'step' of 'slice' objects>, '__hash__': None, '__doc__': 'slice(stop)\nslice(start, stop[, step])\n\nCreate a slice object.  This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]).', '__repr__': <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'slice' objects>, '__le__': <slot wrapper '__le__' of 'slice' objects>, '__gt__': <slot wrapper '__gt__' of 'slice' objects>, '__new__': <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x6A91B420>, '__lt__': <slot wrapper '__lt__' of 'slice' objects>})

#作用于类实例
>>> class A(object):
    pass

>>> a.__dict__
{}
>>> vars(a)
{}
>>> a.name = 'Kim'
>>> a.__dict__
{'name': 'Kim'}
>>> vars(a)
{'name': 'Kim'}

不带参数

作用同locals()，即以字典对象返回当前位置的全部局部变量
局部变量字典仅供读取使用，对局部变量字典的更新会被忽略

扩展

与vars()函数相似的还有locals()、globals()这两个内置函数