1.string.h
//string.h
#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
namespace ht
{
class string
{
public:
typedef char* iterator;
typedef char*const_iterator;
iterator begin()
{
return _str;
}
iterator end()
{
return _str + _size;
}
const_iterator begin() const
{
return _str;
}
const_iterator end() const
{
return _str + _size;
}
//初始化列表
//按private的顺序初始化,和初始化列表顺序无关
//string()
// :_str(new char[1]{'\0'})//空间不可以是0
// ,_size(0)
// ,_capacity(0)
//{}变成全缺省
string(const char*str = "")
{
_size = strlen(str);
_capacity = _size;//_capacity不包含'\0'
_str = new char[_size+1];
strcpy(_str,str);
}
string(const string& s)
{
_str = new char[s._capacity];
strcpy(_str, s._str);
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}
const char* c_str()const
{
return _str;
}
size_t size()
{
return _size;
}
size_t capacity()
{
return _capacity;
}
char& operator[](size_t pos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
~string()
{
delete[] _str;
_str = nullptr;
_capacity = 0;
_size = 0;
}
string& operator=(const string& s)
{
delete[] _str;
_str = new char[s._capacity+1];
strcpy(_str, s._str);
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}
void clear()
{
_str[0] = '\0';
_size = 0;
}
void reserve(size_t n);
void push_back(char ch);
string& operator+=(char c);
void append(const char* str);
string& operator+=(const char* c);
void insert(size_t pos, char ch);
void insert(size_t pos, const char* ch);
void erase(size_t pos, size_t len);//从Pos考试删除len个字符
size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0);
size_t find(const char* ch, size_t pos = 0);
string substr(size_t pos, size_t len);
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
static const size_t npos;
};
void test_string1();//声明和定义分离
void test_string2();
bool operator<(const string& s1, const string& s2);
bool operator<=(const string& s1, const string& s2);
bool operator>(const string& s1, const string& s2);
bool operator>=(const string& s1, const string& s2);
bool operator==(const string& s1, const string& s2);
bool operator!=(const string& s1, const string& s2);
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s);
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s);
}
2.string.cpp
//string.cpp
#include"string.h"
namespace ht
{
const size_t string::npos = -1;
void string::reserve(size_t n)
{
if (n > _capacity)
{
char* temp = new char[n];
strcpy(temp, _str);
_str = nullptr;
_str = temp;
_capacity = n;
}
}
void string::push_back(char ch)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
}
_str[_size] = ch;
_size++;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
string& string::operator+=(char c)
{
push_back(c);
return *this;
}
void string::append(const char* str)
{
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (_size + len >= _capacity)
{
reserve(_size + len >= _capacity * 2 ? _size + len : _capacity * 2);
}
strcpy(_str + _size, str);
_size += len;
}
string& string::operator+=(const char* c)
{
append(c);
return *this;
}
void string::insert(size_t pos, char ch)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
}
assert(pos < _size);
/*int end = _size;
while (end >= (int)pos)//隐式类型转换-1转成size_t
{
_str[end + 1] = _str[end];
--end;
}*/
//挪动数据
int end = _size+1;
while (end > pos)
{
_str[end] = _str[end-1];
--end;
}
_str[pos] = ch;
++_size;
}
void string::insert(size_t pos, const char* ch)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
int len = strlen(ch);
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(_size + len > 2 * _capacity ? _size + len : 2 * _capacity);
}
int end = _size + len;
while (end - len >= pos)//end-len>pos-1
{
_str[end] = _str[end - len];
end--;
}
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
_str[pos+i] = ch[i];
}
_size += len;
}
void string::erase(size_t pos, size_t len)//从Pos考试删除len个字符
{
if (len >= _size - pos)//后面删完了
{
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;
}
else//没删完
{
for (int i = pos + len; i < _size; i++)
{
_str[i -len ] = _str[i];
}
_size -= len;
}
}
size_t string::find(char ch, size_t pos)
{
for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++)
{
if (_str[i] == ch)
{
return i;
}
}
return npos;
}
size_t string::find(const char* ch, size_t pos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
char* ptr = strstr(_str + pos, ch);
if (ptr == nullptr)
{
return npos;
}
else
{
return ptr - _str;
}
return npos;
}
string string::substr(size_t pos, size_t len)
{
assert(pos < _size);
if (len > _size - pos)
{
len = _size - pos;
}
string sub;
sub.reserve(len+1);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
sub += _str[pos+i];
}
return sub;//要调用拷贝构造,要写
}
bool operator<(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str()) < 0;
}
bool operator<=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return s1 < s2 || s1 == s2;
}
bool operator>(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return !(s1 <= s2);
}
bool operator>=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return !(s1 < s2);
}
bool operator==(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str()) == 0;
}
bool operator!=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return !(s1 == s2);
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
{
for (auto ch : s)
{
out << ch;
}
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
{
s.clear();
const int N = 256;
char buff[N];
int i = 0;
char ch;
//in >> ch;提取不到空格和换行
ch = in.get();
while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
{
buff[i++] = ch;
if (i == N - 1)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff;
i = 0;
}
//in >> ch;
ch = in.get();
}
if (i > 0)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff;
}
return in;
}
}
3.Test.cpp
//Test.cpp
#include"string.h"
namespace ht
{
void test_string1()
{
string s1;
string s2("hello world");
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i < s2.size(); i++)
{
cout << s2[i] << " ";
}
//加上迭代器,for也好了
for (auto e : s2)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//迭代器不是指针
string::iterator it = s2.begin();
while (it != s2.end())
{
cout << *it << " ";
it++;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test_string2()
{
string s2("hello");
s2.push_back('s');
s2 += '0';
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
s2.append("sss");
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
s2 += "abc";
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
s2.insert(0, '$');
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
s2.insert(1, "###");
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
}
void test_string3()
{
string s3("hello");
s3.erase(1, 1);
cout << s3.c_str() << endl;
s3.erase(1, 10);
cout << s3.c_str() << endl;
string s4("hello world");
size_t pos = s4.find('w', 0);
cout << pos << endl;
size_t pos1 = s4.find("world");
cout << pos1 << endl;
string str1 = s4.substr(6, 10);
cout << str1.c_str() << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
ht::test_string1();
cout << endl;
ht::test_string2();
cout << endl;
ht::test_string3();
}
4.待继续考究:
流插入和流提取
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s);
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s);