西南交通大学【离散数学编程作业3】

题目描述

基于关系的矩阵表示，实现关系的自反闭包、对称闭包、传递闭包运算，并计算A上的关系R={<a,b>,<b,a>,<b,c>,<c,d>}的自反闭包、对称闭包、传递闭包，其中A={a,b,c,d}.

编写程序，基于关系的矩阵表示，实现关系的自反闭包、对称闭包、传递闭包运算；利用编写的程序，计算并输出A上的关系R={<a,b>,<b,a>,<b,c>,<c,d>}的自反闭包、对称闭包、传递闭包，其中A={a,b,c,d}.

闭包输出格式示例:

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自反闭包

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{<a,a>,<b,b>,<c,c>,<d,d>,<a,b>,<b,a>,<b,c>,<c,d>}

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Python代码实现:

# 打印自反闭包
def print_reflexive(A, R):
    with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
        f.writelines(["------------------\n", "自反闭包\n",
                      "------------------\n", "{"])
    for i in A:
        # 形成<i, i>
        temp = "<" + i + "," + i + ">"
        # 统计<i, i>的个数
        number = R.count(temp)
        if number == 0:
            # 如果<i, i>个数为0,则输出
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.writelines([temp, ","])
    # 打印剩余的序偶
    for i in R:
        if i == R[-1]:
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.write(i)
        else:
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.writelines([i, ","])
    with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
        f.writelines(["}", "\n", "------------------\n"])


# 打印对称闭包
def print_symmetric(R):
    with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
        f.writelines(["------------------\n", "对称闭包\n",
                      "------------------\n", "{"])
    for i in R:
        temp = list(i)
        # 交换2个元素的位置
        temp[1], temp[3] = temp[3], temp[1]
        result = ""
        # 形成一个元素交换了位置的序偶
        for i in temp:
            result += i
        # 统计其个数
        number = R.count(result)
        # 如果其个数为0,则输出
        if number == 0:
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.writelines([result, ","])
    # 打印剩余序偶
    for i in R:
        if i == R[-1]:
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.write(i)
        else:
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.writelines([i, ","])
    with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
        f.writelines(["}", "\n", "------------------\n"])


# 打印传递闭包
def print_transitive(R):
    with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
        f.writelines(["------------------\n", "传递闭包\n",
                      "------------------\n", "{"])
    r = R
    while True:
        # 统计新生成序偶的个数
        number = 0
        for i in r:
            temp1 = list(i)
            # 如果序偶不是<i, i>型
            if temp1[1] != temp1[3]:
                for j in r:
                    temp2 = list(j)
                    # 如果满足条件,则生成序偶
                    if temp1[3] == temp2[1]:
                        result = "<" + temp1[1] + "," + temp2[3] + ">"
                        # 如果其个数为0,则添加进关系
                        if r.count(result) == 0:
                            r.append(result)
                            number += 1
        # 如果新生成序偶的个数为0,说明传递闭包生成完成
        if number == 0:
            break
    for i in r:
        if i == r[-1]:
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.write(i)
        else:
            with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
                f.writelines([i, ","])
    with open("closure.txt", "a") as f:
        f.writelines(["}", "\n", "------------------\n"])


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 集合A
    A = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
    # 关系R
    R = ["<a,b>", "<b,a>", "<b,c>", "<c,d>"]
    # 调用函数打印自反 对称 传递闭包
    print_reflexive(A, R)
    print_symmetric(R)
    print_transitive(R)

运行结果:

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自反闭包
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{<a,a>,<b,b>,<c,c>,<d,d>,<a,b>,<b,a>,<b,c>,<c,d>}
------------------
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对称闭包
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{<c,b>,<d,c>,<a,b>,<b,a>,<b,c>,<c,d>}
------------------
------------------
传递闭包
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{<a,b>,<b,a>,<b,c>,<c,d>,<a,a>,<a,c>,<b,b>,<b,d>,<a,d>}
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