JavaWeb-request

我们在编写一个Servlet程序的时候，要继承HttpServlet这个抽象类并重写doGet()或者doPost()方法,重写的方法要调用方法传入2个参数，request和response，这里我们来看看HttpServletRequest这个接口

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求，用户通过HTTP协议访问服务器，Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest，通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法，获得客户端的所有信息

点进去这个接口，我们可以看到有如下方法

HttpServletRequest是继承ServletRequest接口的，ServletRequest里有如下方法

接下来将按照HttpServletRequest的实际应用演示这些方法

获取请求行数据

• GET /Servlet01_war_exploded/hehe?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1

• 方法：

  • 获取请求方式 ：GET String getMethod()

  • 获取虚拟目录：/Servlet01_war_exploded String getContextPath()

  • 获取Servlet路径: /hehe String getServletPath()

  • 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan String getQueryString()

  • 获取请求URI：/Servlet01_war_exploded/hehe

    String getRequestURI() /Servlet01_war_exploded/hehe

    StringBuffer getRequestURL() http://localhost:8080/Servlet01_war_exploded/hehe

    • URL:统一资源定位符
    • URI：统一资源标识符

  • 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1 String getProtocol()

  • 获取客户机的IP地址： String getRemoteAddr()

    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/hehe")
    public class ServletTest03 extends HttpServlet {
           
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           
            //1. 获取请求方式
            String method = req.getMethod();
            System.out.println(method);
            //2.(*)获取虚拟目录
            String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
            System.out.println(contextPath);
            //3. 获取Servlet路径
            String servletPath = req.getServletPath();
            System.out.println(servletPath);
            //4. 获取get方式请求参数
            String queryString = req.getQueryString();
            System.out.println(queryString);
            //5.(*)获取请求URI
            String requestURI = req.getRequestURI();
            StringBuffer requestURL = req.getRequestURL();
            System.out.println(requestURI);
            System.out.println(requestURL);
            //6. 获取协议及版本
            String protocol = req.getProtocol();
            System.out.println(protocol);
            //7. 获取客户机的IP地址
            String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();
            System.out.println(remoteAddr);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           
            doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    

获取请求头数据

• 方法

  • String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值

  • Enumeration getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;