一、 绘制网格
- 绘制网格
- 网格的大小
- 网格的条数,横线条数,竖线条数,画布高度
网格的条数我们根据画布的大小来对网格大小进行相除,取整
<script>
var myCanvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
var ctx = myCanvas.getContext('2d');
/*1.绘制网格*/
/*2.网格的大小*/
var gridSize = 10;
var canvasHeight = ctx.canvas.height;
var canvasWidth = ctx.canvas.width;
/*3.画多少条X轴方向的线 横线的条数 画布高度*/
var xLineTotal = Math.floor(canvasHeight / gridSize);
for (var i = 0; i <= xLineTotal; i++) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(0, i * gridSize - 0.5 );
ctx.lineTo(canvasWidth, i * gridSize - 0.5);
ctx.strokeStyle = '#eee';
ctx.stroke();
}
/*4.画多少条Y轴方向的线*/
var yLineTotal = Math.floor(canvasWidth / gridSize);
for (var i = 0; i <= yLineTotal; i++) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(i*gridSize - 0.5 ,0);
ctx.lineTo(i*gridSize - 0.5 ,canvasHeight);
ctx.strokeStyle = '#eee';
ctx.stroke();
}
/*5.遍历的形式去画*/
</script>
结果如图所示:
二、绘制坐标系
- 确定坐标系
- 确定原点
- 确定距离画布旁边的距离
- 确定坐标系轴的长度
- 确定箭头的大小-等腰三角形
- 绘制箭头填充
<script>
var myCanvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
var ctx = myCanvas.getContext('2d');
var space = 20;
var arrowSize = 10;
/*计算原点*/
var canvasWidth = ctx.canvas.width;
var canvasHeight = ctx.canvas.height;
var x0 = space;
var y0 = canvasHeight - space;
/*绘制x轴*/
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(x0, y0);
ctx.lineTo(canvasWidth - space, y0);
/*箭头*/
ctx.lineTo(canvasWidth - space - arrowSize, y0 + arrowSize / 2);
ctx.lineTo(canvasWidth - space - arrowSize, y0 - arrowSize / 2);
ctx.lineTo(canvasWidth - space, y0);
ctx.fill();
ctx.stroke();
/*绘制y轴*/
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(x0, y0);
ctx.lineTo(space, space);
/*箭头*/
ctx.lineTo(space + arrowSize / 2, space + arrowSize);
ctx.lineTo(space - arrowSize / 2, space + arrowSize);
ctx.lineTo(space, space);
ctx.fill();
ctx.stroke();
</script>
结果如图所示:
三、绘制点
- 绘制点
- 设计点的尺寸
- 以坐标中心绘制点
<script>
var myCanvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
var ctx = myCanvas.getContext('2d');
/*点坐标*/
var coordinate = {
x:100,
y:100
}
/*点尺寸*/
var dottedSize = 10;
ctx.moveTo(coordinate.x - dottedSize / 2,coordinate.y - dottedSize / 2);
ctx.lineTo(coordinate.x + dottedSize / 2,coordinate.y - dottedSize / 2);
ctx.lineTo(coordinate.x + dottedSize / 2,coordinate.y + dottedSize / 2);
ctx.lineTo(coordinate.x - dottedSize / 2,coordinate.y + dottedSize / 2);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fill();
</script>
结果如图所示:
四、绘制折线图
注意:
- 绘制的点的位置是根据坐标系的,但是实际上是根据画布来进行定位的,所以就需要进行转换点的位置
- 在进行连接点的时候,需要进行判定
- 如果是第一个点,则起点是x0,y0
- 如果不是第一个点,则起点是上一个点,需要记录
<canvas width="600" height="400"></canvas>
<script>
/*1.构造函数*/
var LineChart = function (ctx) {
/*获取绘图工具*/
this.ctx = ctx || document.querySelector('canvas').getContext('2d');
/*画布的大小*/
this.canvasWidth = this.ctx.canvas.width;
this.canvasHeight = this.ctx.canvas.height;
/*网格的大小*/
this.gridSize = 10;
/*坐标系的间距*/
this.space = 20;
/*坐标原点*/
this.x0 = this.space;
this.y0 = this.canvasHeight - this.space;
/*箭头的大小*/
this.arrowSize = 10;
/*绘制点*/
this.dottedSize = 6;
/*点的坐标 和数据有关系 数据可视化*/
}
/*2.行为方法*/
LineChart.prototype.init = function (data) {
this.drawGrid();
this.drawAxis();
this.drawDotted(data);
};
/*绘制网格*/
LineChart.prototype.drawGrid = function () {
/*x方向的线*/
var xLineTotal = Math.floor(this.canvasHeight / this.gridSize);
this.ctx.strokeStyle = '#eee';
for (var i = 0; i <= xLineTotal; i++) {
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.moveTo(0, i * this.gridSize - 0.5);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.canvasWidth, i * this.gridSize - 0.5);
this.ctx.stroke();
}
/*y方向的线*/
var yLineTotal = Math.floor(this.canvasWidth / this.gridSize);
for (var i = 0; i <= yLineTotal; i++) {
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.moveTo(i * this.gridSize - 0.5, 0);
this.ctx.lineTo(i * this.gridSize - 0.5, this.canvasHeight);
this.ctx.stroke();
}
};
/*绘制坐标系*/
LineChart.prototype.drawAxis = function () {
/*X轴*/
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.strokeStyle = '#000';
this.ctx.moveTo(this.x0, this.y0);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.canvasWidth - this.space, this.y0);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.canvasWidth - this.space - this.arrowSize, this.y0 + this.arrowSize / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.canvasWidth - this.space - this.arrowSize, this.y0 - this.arrowSize / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.canvasWidth - this.space, this.y0);
this.ctx.stroke();
this.ctx.fill();
/*Y轴*/
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.strokeStyle = '#000';
this.ctx.moveTo(this.x0, this.y0);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.space, this.space);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.space + this.arrowSize / 2, this.space + this.arrowSize);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.space - this.arrowSize / 2, this.space + this.arrowSize);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.space, this.space);
this.ctx.stroke();
this.ctx.fill();
};
/*绘制所有点*/
LineChart.prototype.drawDotted = function (data) {
/*1.数据的坐标 需要转换 canvas坐标*/
/*2.再进行点的绘制*/
/*3.把线连起来*/
var that = this;
/*记录当前坐标*/
var prevCanvasX = 0;
var prevCanvasY = 0;
data.forEach(function (item, i) {
/* x = 原点的坐标 + 数据的坐标 */
/* y = 原点的坐标 - 数据的坐标 */
var canvasX = that.x0 + item.x;
var canvasY = that.y0 - item.y;
/*绘制点*/
that.ctx.beginPath();
that.ctx.moveTo(canvasX - that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY - that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX + that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY - that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX + that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY + that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX - that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY + that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.closePath();
that.ctx.fill();
/*点的连线*/
/*当时第一个点的时候 起点是 x0 y0*/
/*当时不是第一个点的时候 起点是 上一个点*/
if(i == 0){
that.ctx.beginPath();
that.ctx.moveTo(that.x0,that.y0);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX,canvasY);
that.ctx.stroke();
}else{
/*上一个点*/
that.ctx.beginPath();
that.ctx.moveTo(prevCanvasX,prevCanvasY);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX,canvasY);
that.ctx.stroke();
}
/*记录当前的坐标,下一次要用*/
prevCanvasX = canvasX;
prevCanvasY = canvasY;
});
};
/*3.初始化*/
var data = [
{
x: 100,
y: 120
},
{
x: 200,
y: 160
},
{
x: 300,
y: 240
},
{
x: 400,
y: 120
},
{
x: 500,
y: 80
}
];
var lineChart = new LineChart();
lineChart.init(data);
</script>
结果如图所示: