编译原理课程实验--词法分析

实验目的:

设计、编制并调试一个词法分析程序,加深对词法分析的理解。

实验要求:

处理关键字、运算符和界符、标识符和整形常数、空格。

程序功能:

输入:所给文法的源程序字符串

输出:二元组构成的序列。

设计思想:

根据运算符,界符,空格把原程序分开成一个个的单词解析。对一个单词,判断它是整形常数,或关键字,或标识符。对几个特殊的单词符号,需要用到自动机去处理,如“:”、“<”、“>”,因为它们可以是一些运算符的首字符。

实验心得:

首先要理解词法分析程序的目的,认真分析它需要处理的词法是怎样的,根据特点设计出相应的解析思想。然后在程序实现过程中,注意细节,尽量使程序结构化清晰,方便调试。

#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

string pattern[10];

bool isnum(char s){
    return s >= '0' && s <= '9';
}

bool ischar(char s){
    return (s >= 'a' && s <= 'z') || (s >= 'A' && s <= 'Z') || isnum(s);
}

string word;
char s;

bool checknum(){
    for(int i = 0;i < word.length();i++){
        if(isnum(word[i]) == false) return false;
    }
    printf("(11,");
    cout << word << ")" << endl;
    return true;
}

bool checkid(){
    if(isnum(word[0])) return false;
    for(int i = 0;i < word.length();i++){
        if(ischar(word[i]) == false) return false;
    }
    printf("(%d,",10);
    cout << "'" << word << "')" << endl;
    return true;
}

bool checkpattern(){
    for(int i = 1;i <= 6;i++){
        if(word == pattern[i]){
            printf("(%d,",i);
            cout << word << ")\n";
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void divide(){
    if(word.length() != 0){
        if(checknum() || checkpattern() || checkid());
        else cout << "ERROR!" << endl;
        word.clear();
    }

    int kind = -1;
    switch(s){
        case '+': kind = 13;break;
        case '-': kind = 14;break;
        case '*': kind = 15;break;
        case '/': kind = 16;break;
        case '=': kind = 25;break;
        case ';': kind = 26;break;
        case '(': kind = 27;break;
        case ')': kind = 28;break;
    }
    if(kind != -1) printf("(%d,%c)\n",kind,s);
}

void getnext(){
    word.push_back(s);
}

void smaller(){
    divide();
    char next;
    scanf("%c",&next);
    switch(next){
        case '>':printf("(21,<>)\n");break;
        case '=':printf("(22,<=)\n");break;
        case '\n':
        case ' ':printf("(20,<)\n");break;
        default:printf("(20,<)\n");word.push_back(next);
    }
}

void bigger(){
    divide();
    char next;
    scanf("%c",&next);
    if(next == '='){
        printf("(24,>=)\n");
    }
    else if(next == ' ' || next == '\n') printf("(23,>)\n");
    else{
        printf("(23,>)\n");
        word.push_back(next);
    }
}

void colon(){
    divide();
    char next;
    scanf("%c",&next);
    if(next == '='){
        printf("(18,:=)\n");
    }
    else if(next == ' ' || next == '\n') printf("(17,:)\n");
    else{
        printf("(17,:)\n");
        word.push_back(next);
    }
}

int main(){
    pattern[1] = "begin";pattern[2] = "if";pattern[3] = "then";
    pattern[4] = "while";pattern[5] = "do";pattern[6] = "end";
    word.clear();
    while(scanf("%c",&s) && s != '#'){
        switch(s){
            case ' ':
            case '\n':
            case '+':
            case '-':
            case '*':
            case '/':
            case '=':
            case ';':
            case '(':
            case ')': divide();break;
            case '<': smaller();break;
            case '>': bigger();break;
            case ':': colon();break;
            default: getnext();
        }
    }
    return 0;
}


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设计思想 (1)程序主体结构部分: 说明部分 %% 规则部分 %% 辅助程序部分 (2)主体结构的说明 在这里说明部分告诉我们使用的LETTER,DIGIT, IDENT(标识符,通常定义为字母开头的字母数字串)和STR(字符串常量,通常定义为双引号括起来的一串字符)是什么意思.这部分也可以包含一些初始化代码.例如用#include来使用标准的头文件和前向说明(forward ,references).这些代码应该再标记"%{"和"%}"之间;规则部分>可以包括任何你想用来分析的代码;我们这里包括了忽略所有注释中字符的功能,传送ID名称和字符串常量内容到主调函数和main函数的功能. (3)实现原理 程序中先判断这个句语句中每个单元为关键字、常数、运算符、界符,对与不同的单词符号给出不同编码形式的编码,用以区分之。 PL/0语言的EBNF表示 <常量定义>::=<标识符>=<无符号整数>; <标识符>::=<字母>={<字母>|<数字>}; <加法运算符>::=+|- <乘法运算符>::=*|/ <关系运算符>::==|#|<|<=|>|>= <字母>::=a|b|…|X|Y|Z <数字>::=0|1|2|…|8|9 三:设计过程 1. 关键字:void,main,if,then,break,int,Char,float,include,for,while,printfscanf 并为小写。 2."+”;”-”;”*”;”/”;”:=“;”:”;”<“;”<=“;”>“;”>=“;”<>“;”=“;”(“;”)”;”;”;”#”为运算符。 3. 其他标记 如字符串,表示以字母开头的标识符。 4. 空格符跳过。 5. 各符号对应种别码 关键字分别对应1-13 运算符分别对应401-418,501-513。 字符串对应100 常量对应200 结束符# 四:举例说明 目标:实现对常量的判别 代码: digit [0-9] letter [A-Za-z] other_char [!-@\[-~] id ({letter}|[_])({letter}|{digit}|[_])* string {({letter}|{digit}|{other_char})+} int_num {digit}+ %% [ |\t|\n]+ "auto"|"double"|"int"|"struct"|"break"|"else"|"long"|"switch"|"case"|"enum"|"register"|"typedef"|"char"|"extern"|"return"|"union"|"const"|"float"|"short"|"unsigned"|"continue"|"for"|"signed"|"void"|"default"|"goto"|"sizeof"|"do"|"if"|"static"|"while"|"main" {Upper(yytext,yyleng);printf("%s,NULL\n",yytext);} \"([!-~])*\" {printf("CONST_string,%s\n",yytext);} -?{int_num}[.]{int_num}?([E][+|-]?{int_num})? {printf("CONST_real,%s\n",yytext);} "0x"?{int_num} {printf("CONST_int,%s\n",yytext);} ","|";"|"("|")"|"{"|"}"|"["|"]"|"->"|"."|"!"|"~"|"++"|"--"|"*"|"&"|"sizeof"|"/"|"%"|"+"|"-"|">"|"<"|">="|"<="|"=="|"!="|"&"|"^"|"|"|"&"|"||"|"+="|"-="|"*="|"/="|"%="|">>="|"<<="|"&="|"^="|"|="|"=" {printf("%s,NULL\n",yytext);} {id} {printf("ID,%s\n",yytext);} {digit}({letter})+ {printf("error1:%s\n",yytext);} %% #include <ctype.h> Upper(char *s,int l) { int i; for(i=0;i<l;i++) { s[i]=toupper(s[i]); } } yywrap() { return 1; } 五:DFA 六:数据测试 七:心得体会 其实匹配并不困难,主要是C++知识要求相对较高,只要把握住指针就好了。 附源程序: #include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> int i,j,k,flag,number,status; /*status which is use to judge the string is keywords or not!*/ char ch; char words[10] = {" "}; char program[500]; int Scan(char program[]) { char *keywords[13] = {"void","main","if","then","break","int", "char","float","include","for","while","printf", "scanf"}; number = 0; status = 0; j = 0; ch = program[i++]; /* To handle the lettle space ands tab*/ /*handle letters*/ if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'z' )) { while ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'z' )) { words[j++]=ch; ch=program[i++]; } i--; words[j++] = '\0'; for (k = 0; k < 13; k++) if (strcmp (words,keywords[k]) == 0) switch(k) { case 0:{ flag = 1; status = 1; break; } case 1:{ flag = 2; status = 1; break; } case 2:{ flag = 3; status = 1; break; } case 3:{ flag = 4; status = 1; break; } case 4:{ flag = 5; status = 1; break; } case 5:{ flag = 6; status = 1; break; } case 6:{ flag = 7; status = 1; break; } case 7:{ flag = 8; status = 1; break; } case 8:{ flag = 9; status = 1; break; } case 9:{ flag = 10; status = 1; break; } case 10:{ flag = 11; status = 1; break; } case 11:{ flag = 12; status = 1; break; } case 12:{ flag = 13; status = 1; break; } } if (status == 0) { flag = 100; } } /*handle digits*/ else if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9')) { number = 0; while ((ch >= '0' ) && (ch <= '9' )) { number = number*10+(ch-'0'); ch = program[i++]; } flag = 200; i--; } /*opereation and edge handle*/ else switch (ch) { case '=':{ if (ch == '=') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 401; } else { i--; flag = 402; } break; } case'>':{ if (ch == '>') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 403; } else { i--; flag = 404; } break; } case'<':{ if (ch == '<') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 405; } else { i--; flag = 406; } break; } case'!':{ if (ch == '!') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 407; } else { i--; flag = 408; } break; } case'+':{ if (ch == '+') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 409; } else if (ch == '+') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 410; } else { i--; flag = 411; } break; } case'-':{ if (ch == '-') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 412; } else if( ch == '-') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 413; } else { i--; flag = 414; } break; } case'*':{ if (ch == '*') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 415; } else { i--; flag = 416; } break; } case'/':{ if (ch == '/') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 417; } else { i--; flag = 418; } break; } case';':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 501; break; } case'(':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 502; break; } case')':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 503; break; } case'[':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 504; break; } case']':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 505; break; } case'{':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 506; break; } case'}':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 507; break; } case':':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 508; break; } case'"':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 509; break; } case'%':{ if (ch == '%') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 510; } else { i--; flag = 511; } break; } case',':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 512; break; } case'#':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 513; break; } case'@':{ words[j] = '#'; flag = 0; break; } default:{ flag = -1; break; } } return flag; } main() { i=0; printf("please input a program end with @"); do { ch = getchar(); program[i++] = ch; }while(ch != '@'); i = 0; do{ flag = Scan(program); if (flag == 200) { printf("(%2d,%4d)",flag,number); } else if (flag == -1) { printf("(%d,error)",flag); } else { printf("(%2d,%4s)",flag,words); } }while (flag != 0); system("pause"); }

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