题目:
Merge two sorted linked lists and return it as a new list. The new list should be made by splicing together the nodes of the first two lists.
翻译:
合并2个已经排序的链表,并且返回一个新的链表。这个新的链表应该由前面提到的2个链表的节点所组成。
分析:
具体思想就是新建一个链表,然后比较两个链表中的元素值,把较小的那个链到新链表中,由于两个输入链表的长度可能不同,所以最终会有一个链表先完成插入所有元素,则直接另一个未完成的链表直接链入新链表的末尾。
递归的写法,当某个链表为空了,就返回另一个。然后核心还是比较当前两个节点值大小,如果l1的小,那么对于l1的下一个节点和l2调用递归函数,将返回值赋值给l1.next,然后返回l1;否则就对于l2的下一个节点和l1调用递归函数,将返回值赋值给l2.next,然后返回l2。
本题的关键点就是了解LinkedList这个数据结构,通过next来确定下一个元素,注意LinkedList是有序的。
Java版本一:
public class Solution {
public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
if (l1 == null) return l2;
if (l2 == null) return l1;
if (l1.val < l2.val) {
l1.next = mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2);
return l1;
} else {
l2.next = mergeTwoLists(l1, l2.next);
return l2;
}
}
}
当然我们也可以更简洁,如下
Java版本二:public class Solution {
public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
if (l1 == null) return l2;
if (l2 == null) return l1;
ListNode head = (l1.val < l2.val) ? l1 : l2;
ListNode nonhead = (l1.val < l2.val) ? l2 : l1;
head.next = mergeTwoLists(head.next, nonhead);
return head;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
if (l1 == null || (l2 != null && l1.val > l2.val)) {
ListNode t = l1; l1 = l2; l2 = t;
}
if (l1 != null) l1.next = mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2);
return l1;
}
}
C++版本一:
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
if (!l1) return l2;
if (!l2) return l1;
ListNode *head = l1->val < l2->val ? l1 : l2;
ListNode *nonhead = l1->val < l2->val ? l2 : l1;
head->next = mergeTwoLists(head->next, nonhead);
return head;
}
};
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
if (!l1 || (l2 && l1->val > l2->val)) swap(l1, l2);
if (l1) l1->next = mergeTwoLists(l1->next, l2);
return l1;
}
};
Python版本:
# iteratively
def mergeTwoLists1(self, l1, l2):
dummy = cur = ListNode(0)
while l1 and l2:
if l1.val < l2.val:
cur.next = l1
l1 = l1.next
else:
cur.next = l2
l2 = l2.next
cur = cur.next
cur.next = l1 or l2
return dummy.next
# recursively
def mergeTwoLists2(self, l1, l2):
if not l1 or not l2:
return l1 or l2
if l1.val < l2.val:
l1.next = self.mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2)
return l1
else:
l2.next = self.mergeTwoLists(l1, l2.next)
return l2
# in-place, iteratively
def mergeTwoLists(self, l1, l2):
if None in (l1, l2):
return l1 or l2
dummy = cur = ListNode(0)
dummy.next = l1
while l1 and l2:
if l1.val < l2.val:
l1 = l1.next
else:
nxt = cur.next
cur.next = l2
tmp = l2.next
l2.next = nxt
l2 = tmp
cur = cur.next
cur.next = l1 or l2
return dummy.next