C++左值(左值引用)，右值(右值引用)，std::move的测试

示例对左值，右值作为函数参数进行传递进行的调用，以及std::move的使用对构造函数进行调用的测试。

• 测试示例

#include <utility>      // std::move
#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <vector>       // std::vector
#include <string> 

class Myclass{
public:
    explicit Myclass(int value) : val(value){
        std::cout<<"construct"<<std::endl;
    }
    Myclass(const Myclass& value){
        std::cout<<"copy"<<std::endl;
    }
    Myclass(Myclass&& value){
        std::cout<<"move"<<std::endl;
    }
    void operator = (Myclass& value){
        std::cout<<"operator = l reference"<<std::endl;
    }
    void operator = (Myclass&& value){
        std::cout<<"operator = r reference"<<std::endl;
    }
    ~Myclass(){
        std::cout<<"deconstruct"<<std::endl;
    }
private:
    int val;
};

//两个重载函数：左值引用和右值引用
void test_01(Myclass&& val){
    std::cout<<"test_01 rvalue reference"<<std::endl;
}
void test_01(const Myclass& val){
    std::cout<<"test_01 lvalue reference"<<std::endl;
}
//直接调用右值引用
void MyclassTest1(){
    std::cout<<"MyclassTest1-----------------"<<std::endl;
    Myclass val1(10);
    test_01(std::move(val1));
}
//调用该类的移动构造函数
void MyclassTest2(){
    std::cout<<"MyclassTest2-----------------"<<std::endl;
    Myclass val1(10);
    Myclass val2 = std::move(val1);
}

//左值引用和右值引用都会当作一个左值来传参
void MyclassTest3(){
    std::cout<<"MyclassTest3-----------------"<<std::endl;
    Myclass val1(10);
    Myclass&& val2 = std::move(val1);
    test_01(val2);
}
void MyclassTest4(){
    std::cout<<"MyclassTest4-----------------"<<std::endl;
    Myclass val1(10);
    Myclass& val2 = val1;
    test_01(val2);
}

//该测试函数测试test_01的优先级调用问题
void MyclassTest5(){
    std::cout<<"MyclassTest5-----------------"<<std::endl;
    Myclass val1(10);
    test_01(std::move(val1));
}
//赋值构造函数调用
void MyclassTest6(){
    std::cout<<"MyclassTest6-----------------"<<std::endl;
    Myclass val1(10);
    Myclass val2(20);
    val2 = std::move(val1);
}
int main(){
    MyclassTest1();
    MyclassTest2();
    MyclassTest3();
    MyclassTest4();
    MyclassTest5();
    MyclassTest6();
    return 0;
}

• 测试结果：

MyclassTest1-----------------
construct
test_01 rvalue reference
deconstruct
MyclassTest2-----------------
construct
move
deconstruct
deconstruct
MyclassTest3-----------------
construct
test_01 lvalue reference
deconstruct
MyclassTest4-----------------
construct
test_01 lvalue reference
deconstruct
MyclassTest5-----------------
construct
test_01 rvalue reference
deconstruct
MyclassTest6-----------------
construct
construct
operator = r reference
deconstruct
deconstruct