43 - clock()函数

1 函数原型

clock()：用于获取程序运行的CPU时间，函数原型如下：

clock_t clock (void);

ctime库描述如下：

Clock program
1. Returns the processor time consumed by the program.
2. The value returned is expressed in clock ticks, which are units of time of a constant but system-specific length (with a relation of CLOCKS_PER_SEC clock ticks per second).
3. The epoch used as reference by clock varies between systems, but it is related to the program execution (generally its launch). 
4. To calculate the actual processing time of a program, the value returned by clock shall be compared to a value returned by a previous call to the same function.

2 参数

clock()函数的参数为void。

3 返回值

clock()函数返回值类型为clock_t类型：

1. 返回“从开启程序进程”到“程序中调用clock()函数”所经过的CPU时间（以clock tick为单位）。

ctime库描述如下：

Return Value
1. The number of clock ticks elapsed since an epoch related to the particular program execution.
2. On failure, the function returns a value of -1.
3. clock_t is a type defined in <ctime> as an alias of a fundamental arithmetic type.

4 示例

示例代码如下所示：

int main() {
   //
   clock_t start = 0;
   clock_t end = 0;
   double cpu_time_used = 0.0;
   // 
   start = clock();
   // 假设的耗时操作  
   for (long long i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
   }
   //
   end = clock();
   //
   cpu_time_used = ((float)(end - start)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
   //
   printf("CPU time used: %.3f seconds\n", cpu_time_used);
   //
   return 0;
}

代码运行结果如下图所示：