Java基础系列：反射修改对象属性

1 应用场景

利用反射，通过对象（类实例化）属性名称，修改对象（类实例化）属性的值。
此处感谢：TD_FAlmK。

2 修改类属性值

2.1 实体类

package com.company.designpattern.reflect;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * 测试类，用于反射测试
 * @author xindaqi
 * @since 2020-11-26
 */

public class User {

    private String name;

    private String address;

    private Integer age;

    public User() {}

    public User(String name, String address, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override 
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if(this == o) {
            return true;
        }
        if(null == o || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }
        User that = (User) o;
        return name.equals(that.name) && address.equals(that.address) && age == that.age;
    }

    @Override 
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(name, address, age);
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    @Override 
    public String toString() {
        return "User:{" + "name: " + name
            + "address: " + address
            + "age: " + age
            + "}"; 
    }  
}

2.1 暴力修改

package com.company.designpattern.reflect;

import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 反射测试
 * @author xindaqi
 * @since 2020-11-26
 */

public class ReflectTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        /**
         * 类实例化
         */
        User user = new User("xiaoxiao", "shenzhen", 10);
        /**
         * 反射获类
         */
        Class<?> clazz = user.getClass();
        /**
         * 获取类中所有属性
         */
        Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();
        System.out.println("Methods in Class: " + fields);
        /**
         * 获取某个属性方法
         * 如name属性的方法
         */
        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
        /**
         * 开启私有属性编辑权限
         */
        field.setAccessible(true);
        /**
         * 设置属性值
         */
        field.set(user, "dada");
        Class s = field.getType();
        System.out.println("data type: " + s);
        System.out.println("Object name: " + field.getName());
        System.out.println("暴力赋值: " + user.getName());
    }
    
}

2.2 内省机制修改

package com.company.designpattern.reflect;

import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 反射测试
 * @author xindaqi
 * @since 2020-11-26
 */

public class ReflectTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        /**
         * 类实例化
         */
        User user = new User("xiaoxiao", "shenzhen", 10);
        /**
         * 反射获类
         */
        Class<?> clazz = user.getClass();
        /**
        * 内省机制
        */
        PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor = new PropertyDescriptor("name", clazz);
        Method setMethod = propertyDescriptor.getWriteMethod();
        setMethod.invoke(user, "erer");
        System.out.println("内省机制: " + user.getName());
    }
}

3 小结

3.1 暴力修改

暴力修改private属性值，需要使用setAccessable(true)方法获取修改权限，否则会出现如下情况：
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class com.company.designpattern.reflect.ReflectTest can not access a member of class com.company.designpattern.reflect.User with modifiers “private”
at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Reflection.java:102)
at java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.slowCheckMemberAccess(AccessibleObject.java:296)
at java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkAccess(AccessibleObject.java:288)
at java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Field.java:761)
at com.company.designpattern.reflect.ReflectTest.main(ReflectTest.java:39)

3.2 内省模式

通过PropertyDescriptor获取属性类实例，调用getWriteMethod()获取属性的写方法，invoke即可设定属性值。

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【参考文献】
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