1 作用
加载类前先询问JDK内的类加载器,保证:
- 防止加载同一个.class。
- 核心.class不被篡改。
1 类加载
1.1 类加载细节
类加载过程如图1.1所示。
由1.1流程可知,类加载过程,经过四次判断,第一次:判断系统是否已经加载;第二次:parent是否加载,第三次:启动类加载器是否加载,第四次:自定义类加载是否加载。其中,parent类加载有两种,即应用程序类加载器(ApplicationClassLoader)和扩展类加载器(ExtensionClassLoader),也就是双亲委派。
1.2 类加载架构
由1.1抽象出类加载架构如图1.2所示。
1.2 双亲委派
由1.1流程可知,类加载过程,parent类加载有两种,即应用程序类加载器(ApplicationClassLoader)和扩展类加载器(ExtensionClassLoader),所谓的双亲。
2 源码解析
ClassLoader所在包:
package java.lang;
2.1 classLoad()方法
源码流程即1.1流程图。由注释可知:classLoad()方法即按照一定的规则进行类加载。自定义类加载器重写findClass方法。
/**
* Loads the class with the specified <a href="#name">binary name</a>. The
* default implementation of this method searches for classes in the
* following order:
*
* <ol>
*
* <li><p> Invoke {@link #findLoadedClass(String)} to check if the class
* has already been loaded. </p></li>
*
* <li><p> Invoke the {@link #loadClass(String) <tt>loadClass</tt>} method
* on the parent class loader. If the parent is <tt>null</tt> the class
* loader built-in to the virtual machine is used, instead. </p></li>
*
* <li><p> Invoke the {@link #findClass(String)} method to find the
* class. </p></li>
*
* </ol>
*
* <p> If the class was found using the above steps, and the
* <tt>resolve</tt> flag is true, this method will then invoke the {@link
* #resolveClass(Class)} method on the resulting <tt>Class</tt> object.
*
* <p> Subclasses of <tt>ClassLoader</tt> are encouraged to override {@link
* #findClass(String)}, rather than this method. </p>
*
* <p> Unless overridden, this method synchronizes on the result of
* {@link #getClassLoadingLock <tt>getClassLoadingLock</tt>} method
* during the entire class loading process.
*
* @param name
* The <a href="#name">binary name</a> of the class
*
* @param resolve
* If <tt>true</tt> then resolve the class
*
* @return The resulting <tt>Class</tt> object
*
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* If the class could not be found
*/
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
throws ClassNotFoundException
{
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
// First, check if the class has already been loaded
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
if (parent != null) {
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}
2.2 parent属性
双亲属性,即应用类加载器和扩展类加载器。
// The parent class loader for delegation
// Note: VM hardcoded the offset of this field, thus all new fields
// must be added *after* it.
private final ClassLoader parent;
2.3 抽象类ClassLoader构造器
protected ClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
this(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);
}
private ClassLoader(Void unused, ClassLoader parent) {
this.parent = parent;
if (ParallelLoaders.isRegistered(this.getClass())) {
parallelLockMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
package2certs = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
assertionLock = new Object();
} else {
// no finer-grained lock; lock on the classloader instance
parallelLockMap = null;
package2certs = new Hashtable<>();
assertionLock = this;
}
}
protected ClassLoader() {
this(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());
}
其中getSystemClassLoader即应用程序类构造器和扩展类构造器。
@CallerSensitive
public static ClassLoader getSystemClassLoader() {
initSystemClassLoader();
if (scl == null) {
return null;
}
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkClassLoaderPermission(scl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
}
return scl;
}
initSystemClassLoader()
private static synchronized void initSystemClassLoader() {
if (!sclSet) {
if (scl != null)
throw new IllegalStateException("recursive invocation");
sun.misc.Launcher l = sun.misc.Launcher.getLauncher();
if (l != null) {
Throwable oops = null;
scl = l.getClassLoader();
try {
scl = AccessController.doPrivileged(
new SystemClassLoaderAction(scl));
} catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
oops = pae.getCause();
if (oops instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
oops = oops.getCause();
}
}
if (oops != null) {
if (oops instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) oops;
} else {
// wrap the exception
throw new Error(oops);
}
}
}
sclSet = true;
}
}
2.4 ExtensionClassLoader和ApplicationClassLoader
sun.misc.Launcher.getLauncher()加载ExtClassLoader()和AppClassLoader
public Launcher() {
Launcher.ExtClassLoader var1;
try {
var1 = Launcher.ExtClassLoader.getExtClassLoader();
} catch (IOException var10) {
throw new InternalError("Could not create extension class loader", var10);
}
try {
this.loader = Launcher.AppClassLoader.getAppClassLoader(var1);
} catch (IOException var9) {
throw new InternalError("Could not create application class loader", var9);
}
...
}
2.5 run
class SystemClassLoaderAction
implements PrivilegedExceptionAction<ClassLoader> {
private ClassLoader parent;
SystemClassLoaderAction(ClassLoader parent) {
this.parent = parent;
}
public ClassLoader run() throws Exception {
String cls = System.getProperty("java.system.class.loader");
if (cls == null) {
return parent;
}
Constructor<?> ctor = Class.forName(cls, true, parent)
.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class<?>[] { ClassLoader.class });
ClassLoader sys = (ClassLoader) ctor.newInstance(
new Object[] { parent });
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(sys);
return sys;
}
}