OpenCV颜色转换

简洁翻译版.
OpenCV BGR分布

序号	通道	描述
1	R	8位无符号整型,取值0~255
2	G	16位无符号整体性,取值0~65535
3	B	32位浮点型数据,取值0~1
4	A	色彩空间,取值0~1

1 RGB $⟺$ GRAY

1.0 RGB[A] $\mapsto$ GRAY

$$Gray=0.299\ast R+0.587\ast G+0.114\ast B$$

1.2 GRAY $\mapsto$ RGB[A]

$$\{\begin{array}{l}R=Gray\\ G=Gray\\ B=Gray\\ A=max(ChannelRange)\end{array}$$

2 RGB $⟺$ CIE XYZ.Rec709 with D65 white point

2.1 RGB $\mapsto$ XYZ

$$\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0.412453& 0.357580& 0.180423\\ 0.212671& 0.715160& 0.072169\\ 0.019334& 0.119193& 0.950227\end{array}\right]\cdot \left[\begin{array}{c}R\\ G\\ B\end{array}\right]$$

2.2 XYZ $\mapsto$ RGB

$$\left[\begin{array}{c}R\\ G\\ B\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0.412453& 0.357580& 0.180423\\ 0.212671& 0.715160& 0.072169\\ 0.019334& 0.119193& 0.950227\end{array}\right]\cdot \left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]$$

3 RGB$⟺$YCrCb JPEG(or YCC)

3.1 RGB$\mapsto$ YCrCb

$$\{\begin{array}{l}Y=0.299\ast R+0.587\ast G+0.114\ast B\\ Cr=(R-Y)\ast 0.713+\delta \\ Cb=(B-Y)\ast 0.564+\delta \end{array}$$

3.2 YCrCb$\mapsto$RGB

$$\{\begin{array}{l}R=Y+1.403\ast (Cr-\delta )\\ G=Y-0.714\ast (Cr-\delta )-0.344\ast (Cb-\delta )\\ B=Y+1.773\ast (Cb-\delta )\end{array}$$
其中,
$$\delta =\{\begin{array}{ll}128& \text{8位图像}\\ 32768& \text{16位图像}\\ 0.5& \text{浮点型数据图像}\end{array}$$

4 RGB $⟹$ HSV

8位和16位RGB图像转为HSV图像.
$$V=max(R,G,B)$$
$$S=\{\begin{array}{ll}V-min(R,G,B)& \text{if V =0}\\ 0& \text{otherwise}\end{array}$$
$$H=\{\begin{array}{ll}60\ast (G-B)/(V-min(R,G,B))& \text{if V = R}\\ 120+60\ast (B-R)/(V-min(R,G,B))& \text{if V = G}\\ 240+60\ast (R-G)/(V-min(R,G,B))& \text{if V = B}\end{array}$$
if $H$ < $0$,输出
$$\{\begin{array}{l}0\le V\le 1\\ 0\le S\le 1\\ 0\le H\le 360\end{array}$$

5 RGB $⟹$ CIE Lab

8位和16位RGB图像转为浮点型和标量格式图像.
$$\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0.412453& 0.357580& 0.180423\\ 0.212671& 0.715160& 0.072169\\ 0.019334& 0.119193& 0.950227\end{array}\right]\cdot \left[\begin{array}{c}R\\ G\\ B\end{array}\right]$$

$$\{\begin{array}{ll}X=X/X_n,& {\text{X}}_n=0.950456\\ Z=Z/Z_n,& {\text{Z}}_n=1.088754\end{array}$$

$$L=\{\begin{array}{ll}116\ast Y^{1/3}-16,& \text{Y>0.008856}\\ 903.3\ast Y,& \text{Y ≤ 0.008856}\end{array}$$
$$\{\begin{array}{l}a=500(f(X)-f(Y))+\delta \\ b=200(f(Y)-f(Z))+\delta \end{array}$$
其中,
$$f(t)=\{\begin{array}{ll}{t}^{1/3},& \text{t>0.008856}\\ 7.787\ast t+16/116,& \text{t≤0.008856}\end{array}$$
$$\delta =\{\begin{array}{ll}128,& \text{8位图像}\\ 0,& \text{浮点型图像}\end{array}$$
$$\{\begin{array}{l}0\le L\le 100\\ -127\le a\le 127\\ -127\le b\le 127\end{array}$$

5 RGB $⟹$ CIE Luv

$$\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0.412453& 0.357580& 0.180423\\ 0.212671& 0.715160& 0.072169\\ 0.019334& 0.119193& 0.950227\end{array}\right]\cdot \left[\begin{array}{c}R\\ G\\ B\end{array}\right]$$
$$L=\{\begin{array}{ll}116\ast Y^{1/3}-16,& \text{Y>0.008856}\\ 903.3\ast Y,& \text{Y ≤ 0.008856}\end{array}$$
$$\{\begin{array}{l}{u}^{\prime }=4\ast X/(X+15\ast Y+3\ast Z)\\ v^{\prime }=9\ast Y/(X+15\ast Y+3\ast Z)\end{array}$$
$$\{\begin{array}{ll}u=13\ast L\ast (u^{\prime }-u_n),& {\text{u}}_n=0.19793943\\ v=13\ast L\ast (v^{\prime }-v_n),& {\text{v}}_n=0.46831096\end{array}$$
$$\{\begin{array}{l}0\le L\le 100\\ -134\le u\le 134\\ -140\le v\le 122\end{array}$$

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