Linux——安装软件（mysql）

Xinan_____

已于 2024-08-29 15:03:34 修改

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文章标签： linux 运维服务器

于 2024-08-29 14:28:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Xinan_____/article/details/141677924

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一、应用部署：

安装软件运行某个程序或者服务
1. 安装软件包
  - dnf/yum 包安装工具
  - 官方网站提供的集成软件包
  - 源码编译安装 // 源码编译的步骤只应用于编译型语言对于解释性语言编写的程序采用不用的方式打包
    1. 1. 编译型语言编写的程序： nginx
      2. 解释性语言编写的程序：ansible dnf
    2. 配置程序编译的参数
    3. 编译根据第一步配置完成源码到二进制程序的编译 make
    4. 安装 make install
    5. 安装后配置步骤
2. 容器化应用镜像
修改配置
测试功能

例、mysql

mysql官方源码编译安装的步骤：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/source-installation.html

mysql源码编译的前置条件：

cmake 一个全平台通用的编译框架，很多软件都是用cmake 完成编译环境配置
make 编译工具在很多平台上都可以直接安装make工具，mysql 安装时推荐使用GNU make 在有些平台上make命令是gmake 命令的别名 make 程序的版本最好在3.7.5以上
mysql 8.4 使用了部分C++17的特性，最好升级c++17以体验更佳完成功能
1. linux 操作系统 gcc10
mysql 在编译时还需要使用c++ 或者 c99 编译器
mysql 8.0 开始所有的链接默认开启加密，所以编译时需要获取ssl 函数库的支持 openssl 以及 openssl-devel
还需要一个boost c++ 库，但是从mysql 8.3 开始源码包自带boost 代码
ncurses 函数库 ncurses ncurses-devel
保证有充足的内存空间
测试脚本需要使用perl语言
源码包的解压工具
bison > 2.1
m4

[root@bogon packages]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make 
[root@bogon bison-3.6.2]# pwd 
/usr/src/bison-3.6.2
[root@bogon bison-3.6.2]# dnf -y install m4     //bison 软件依赖
[root@bogon bison-3.6.2]# ./configure   // 观察输出是否提示缺少依赖库

在源码编译时，缺少依赖如何解决？

yum provides */提示缺少的文件名
上网百度

进行bison的编译安装
[root@bogon bison-3.6.2]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@bogon bison-3.6.2]# bison --version 
bison (GNU Bison) 3.6.2
Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.

Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

#### bison依赖安装完毕 ######

#### 安装cmake 编译框架 #####
[root@bogon bison-3.6.2]# cd /root/packages/
[root@bogon packages]# ls 
bison-3.6.2.tar.gz  cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz  mysql-8.4.2.tar.gz
[root@bogon packages]# tar -zxf cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@bogon packages]# cd /usr/src/cmake-3.30.2/
[root@bogon cmake-3.30.2]# ./bootstrap

[root@bogon cmake-3.30.2]# dnf -y install openssl openssl-devel 
[root@bogon cmake-3.30.2]# ./bootstrap 
[root@bogon cmake-3.30.2]# make -j 2 && make install

提示这一步有进度条

#### cmake 安装完毕 ####

### 开始进行mysql 源码编译安装 ####
[root@bogon ~]# dnf -y install ncurses ncurses-devel 
[root@bogon ~]# 
[root@bogon ~]# cd packages/
[root@bogon packages]# tar -xzf mysql-8.4.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@bogon packages]# cd /usr/src/mysql-8.4.2/
[root@bogon mysql-8.4.2]# ls 
client           Doxyfile-ignored   libchangestreams  MYSQL_VERSION      scripts        testclients
cmake            Doxyfile.in        libmysql          mysys              share          unittest
CMakeLists.txt   doxygen_resources  libs              packaging          sql            utilities
components       extra              libservices       plugin             sql-common     vio
config.h.cmake   include            LICENSE           README             storage
configure.cmake  INSTALL            man               router             strings
Docs             libbinlogevents    mysql-test        run_doxygen.cmake  support-files
[root@bogon mysql-8.4.2]# mkdir build
[root@bogon mysql-8.4.2]# cd build/
# gcc 编译工具支持
[root@bogon build]# yum install gcc-toolset-12-gcc gcc-toolset-12-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-12-binutils gcc-toolset-12-annobin-annocheck gcc-toolset-12-annobin-plugin-gcc
# 依赖缺少
[root@bogon build]# dnf -y install libtirpc-devel
## 问题1： 这里的软件包安装不了
## 解决方案如下：
[root@bogon mysql]# dnf -y install epel-release 
Last metadata expiration check: 0:51:46 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 08:31:37 AM CST.
Package epel-release-9-7.el9.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@bogon mysql]# crb enable 
Enabling CRB repo
CRB repo is enabled and named: crb


[root@bogon build]# yum -y install rpcgen

清理cmake缓存
[root@bogon build]# rm -f CMakeCache.txt
cmake  .. 				// 指明软件代码路径
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql 		// mysql 安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data 			// mysql 数据库目录
-DWITH_SSL=system 							// ssl 函数库位置 system使用系统默认
//此处值为路径时，指定ssl的安装路径
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 							// zlib 库的位置 使用源码库自带
// 值为路径时，指定zlib库的位置
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 			// 安装时默认启动哪些存储引擎
// 启动innodb 存储引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 			
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 			
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 					// 启用infile支持
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 								// 使用启用debug 功能的
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 						// mysql tcp端口号
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysq/l/run/mysqld.sock // mysql 套接字
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 					// 默认字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci 		// 扩展字符集
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1							// 启用systemd 支持 
[root@bogon build]# cmake  .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysq/l/run/mysqld.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

[root@bogon build]# make -j 2

# make 编译过程中因为意外或者任何原因中断编译，可以在编译目录下，重新运行make

#指令，继续在上一次中断的地方继续编译

# make 执行过程中也会因为缺少依赖等报错

# 内存不足通过free 查看内存使用情况可用该内存大小不低于50M 则与内存无关

# 调用的逻辑核心数过多，为了加快编译速度而同时避免因为争抢CPU 资源出现问题，建

# 议调用核心数，相对于逻辑核心数减少1-2 （lscpu 查看CPU 基本信息）

# 清理编译缓存 make clean

[root@bogon build]# make install

// 检查安装指令执行结果

[root@bogon build]# echo $?

二、安装后部署

1、创建程序用户账号（这一步可以在编译前完成）
[root@bogon build]#  groupadd mysql
[root@bogon build]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
2、确保mysql 相关目录的正确权限
[root@bogon build]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@bogon mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@bogon mysql]# mkdir mysql-files 
[root@bogon mysql]# chown mysql.mysql mysql-files/
[root@bogon mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files/

3、初始化mysql 数据
[root@bogon mysql]# vim /etc/profile 
// 打开文件后，按下大写的GG 直接锁定文本最后一行，按下o开启新一行输出
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
// 然后保存退出，注意此文件修改错误，可能导致大量命令失效，谨慎修改
[root@bogon mysql]# source  /etc/profile   
[root@bogon mysql]# echo $PATH
/root/.local/bin:/root/bin:/usr/share/Modules/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@bogon mysql]# 
[root@bogon mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 
2024-08-29T01:02:54.106027Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.
2024-08-29T01:02:54.116997Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.4.2-debug) initializing of server in progress as process 14917
2024-08-29T01:02:54.188591Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2024-08-29T01:02:55.289367Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2024-08-29T01:03:02.452228Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Kd:(#fUsS6H(   // 临时密码，每个人不一样

2024-08-29T01:03:16.607332Z 0 [System] [MY-015018] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - end.
[root@bogon mysql]# 
[root@bogon mysql]# echo 'Kd:(#fUsS6H(' >> /root/root_temp
初始化后，出现data 目录

4、尝试启动mysql 进程
[root@bogon mysql]# mysqld_safe --user mysql &
[1] 15004
[root@bogon mysql]# Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/bogon.err'.
2024-08-29T01:06:06.747831Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

[root@bogon mysql]# ps -elf | grep mysql 
4 S root       15004    2171  0  80   0 - 55697 do_wai 09:06 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user mysql
4 S mysql      15108   15004 15  80   0 - 483905 do_pol 09:06 pts/0   00:00:04 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --user mysql --log-error=bogon.err --pid-file=bogon.pid
0 S root       15155    2171  0  80   0 - 55417 pipe_r 09:06 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@bogon mysql]# mysql -u root -p$(cat /root/root_temp)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.4.2-debug

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'redhat1~';   // 修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> create database webapp;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| webapp             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

5、使用systemctl 控制服务启动
[root@bogon mysql]# ls usr/lib/systemd/system/
mysqld.service  mysqld@.service  mysqlrouter.service
[root@bogon mysql]# cp  /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/* /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@bogon mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@bogon mysql]# killall mysqld
[root@bogon mysql]# killall mysqld
[root@bogon mysql]# 2024-08-29T01:13:04.137062Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/bogon.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe --user mysql
[root@bogon mysql]# 
[root@bogon mysql]# pwd 
/usr/local/mysql
[root@bogon mysql]# ls run/
[root@bogon mysql]# ls data/*.pid
ls: cannot access 'data/*.pid': No such file or directory
[root@bogon mysql]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@bogon mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-08-29 09:14:19 CST; 5s ago
       Docs: man:mysqld(8)
             http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    Process: 15382 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 15448 (mysqld)
     Status: "Server is operational"
      Tasks: 35 (limit: 24434)
     Memory: 454.5M
        CPU: 12.488s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
             └─15448 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld

Aug 29 09:14:16 bogon mysqld_pre_systemd[15411]: 2024-08-29T01:14:16.449419Z 0 [System] [MY-015018] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - end.
Aug 29 09:14:16 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:16.501034Z 0 [System] [MY-015015] [Server] MySQL Server - start.
Aug 29 09:14:16 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:16.760249Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.4.2-debug) starting as>
Aug 29 09:14:16 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:16.782453Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
Aug 29 09:14:17 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:17.536247Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
Aug 29 09:14:19 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:19.481641Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
Aug 29 09:14:19 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:19.481734Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted conn>
Aug 29 09:14:19 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:19.751956Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 330>
Aug 29 09:14:19 bogon mysqld[15448]: 2024-08-29T01:14:19.753196Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version:>
Aug 29 09:14:19 bogon systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@bogon mysql]# mysql -u root -p'redhat1~'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.4.2-debug Source distribution