Python图像处理——PIL、skImage、OpenCV

PIL

• Pillow PyPI
• Pillow中文文档

from PIL import Image

def Image.open(fp, mode='r'):
	'''
	Opens and identifies the given image file.
	This is a lazy operation; this function identifies the file, 
	but the file remains open and the actual image data is not read 
	from the file until you try to process the data.
	
	file--A filename(string) or a file object.
	mode
	'''
	'''
	The Image Class
	open()
	new()
	frombytes()
	'''
	
def Image.load():
	'''
	Allocates storage for the image and loads the pixel data.
	In normal cases, you don't need to call this method,
	since the Image class automatically loads an opened image 
	when it is accessed for the first time.
	This method will close the file associated with the image.
	'''

def Image.close():
	'''
	Close the file pointer, if possible.
	This operation will destroy the image core and release it's memory.
	The image data will be unusable afterward.
	This function is only required to close images that have not had
	their file read and closed by the load() method.
	'''

import numpy as np
# 'Image' object is not subscriptable
# 'Image' object is not callable

src = Image.open(fp=path, mode="r")	# image(color, 3d)
rows, cols = src.size
src_np = np.array(src)				# array(3d)
cols, rows, channels = src_np.shape
print(src_np[0, 700, 2])
# resize: change the arrage size, add the dim
# reshape: a new shape
src_reshape = src_np.reshape((rows*cols*channels))
# h*W*C + w*C + c
print(b[0*720*3 + 700*3 + 2])

gray = src.convert("L")				# image(gray, 2d)
rows, cols = gray.size
gray_np = np.array(gray)			# array(2d)
cols, rows = gray_np.shape
print(gray_np[0][1])

gray.show()

skimage

• scikit-image

from skimage import io

src = io.imread(fname=path, as_gray=False)
gray1 = color.rgb2gray(rgb=src)
gray2 = io.imread(fname=path, as_gray=True)
cols, rows = gray2.shape

io.show()

OpenCV

• OpenCV
• PyPI OpenCV-Python

import cv2

src = cv2.imread(filename=path, flags=1)
gray = cv2.imread(filename=path, flags=0)
cols, rows = gray.shape

cv2.rectangle(img=img, pt1=(left, upper), pt2=(right, lower), 
			  color=(0,0,255), thickness=2)
cv2.putText(img=img, text=draw_text, org=(left, upper - 5), 
			fontFace=cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX_SMALL, fontScale=.5, 
			color=(0,0,255), thickness=1)
cv2.namedWindow(winname="Result")
cv2.imshow(winname="Result", mat=img)
if cv2.waitKey(0) == 27:
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()

matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plot array

import numpy as np

a = [[1,2],[2,3],[3,4]]     # list
b = np.array(a)             # list -> array
plt.plot(b[:,0], b[:,1], '.')
plt.show()

plot image

plt.figure(title)
plt.imshow(img)
# add rectange
rect = plt.Rectangle((xmin, ymin), xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin, fill=False, edgecolor="red", linewidth=2)
plt.gca().add_patch(rect)
# add text
plt.gca().text(xmin, ymin - 2, "{:s}".format(class_name), bbox=dict(facecolor="white", alpha=0.01), fontsize=12, color="red")
plt.axis('off')				# without coordinate axis
plt.pause(time)
plt.savefig("test.png")		# save image
plt.show()					# show image
plt.close()