安装MySQL:
可以直接从MySQL官方网站下载最新的Community Server 5.6.x版本。MySQL是跨平台的,选择对应的平台下载安装文件,安装即可。
安装时,MySQL会提示输入root用户的口令,请务必记清楚。如果怕记不住,就把口令设置为password。
在Windows上,安装时请选择UTF-8编码,以便正确地处理中文。
在Mac或Linux上,需要编辑MySQL的配置文件,把数据库默认的编码全部改为UTF-8。MySQL的配置文件默认存放在/etc/my.cnf或者/etc/mysql/my.cnf:
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine = INNODB
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
重启MySQL后,可以通过MySQL的客户端命令行检查编码:
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor…
…
mysql> show variables like ‘%char%’;
±-------------------------±-------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
±-------------------------±-------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.1.65-osx10.6-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
±-------------------------±-------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
看到utf8字样就表示编码设置正确。
注:如果MySQL的版本≥5.5.3,可以把编码设置为utf8mb4,utf8mb4和utf8完全兼容,但它支持最新的Unicode标准,可以显示emoji字符。
完整代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
########## prepare ##########
# 安装驱动,如果第一个不行,安装第二个
# install mysql-connector-python:
# pip3 install mysql-connector-python --allow-external mysql-connector-python
# pip install mysql-connector
import mysql.connector
# change root password to yours:
conn = mysql.connector.connect(user='root', password='admin', database='test')
cursor = conn.cursor()
# 创建user表:
cursor.execute('create table user (id varchar(20) primary key, name varchar(20))')
# 插入一行记录,注意MySQL的占位符是%s:
cursor.execute('insert into user (id, name) values (%s, %s)', ('1', 'Michael'))
print('rowcount =', cursor.rowcount)
# 提交事务:
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
# 运行查询:
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('select * from user where id = %s', ('1',))
values = cursor.fetchall()
print(values)
# 关闭Cursor和Connection:
cursor.close()
conn.close()
运行效果:
未完待续。。。