第四章、Hadoop之MapReduce介绍与应用

一、MapReduce的概述

1、定义

2、MapReduce的优缺点

• 优点
  
  
• 缺点
  

二、MapReduce的应用

1、MapReduce核心思想的示意图

步骤：
1）分布式的运算程序往往需要分成至少2个阶段。
2）第一个阶段的MapTask并发实例，完全并行运行，互不相干。
3）第二个阶段的ReduceTask并发实例互不相干，但是他们的数据依赖于上一个阶段的所有MapTask并发实例的输出。
4）MapReduce编程模型只能包含一个Map阶段和一个Reduce阶段，如果用户的业务逻辑非常复杂，那就只能多个MapReduce程序，串行运行。
总结：分析WordCount数据流走向深入理解MapReduce核心思想。

2、MapReduce进程

3、常用数据序列化类型

4、MapReduce编程规范（三个阶段）

• Mapper阶段
  
• Reducer阶段
  
• Driver阶段
  

5、WordCount案例实操

• pom.xml文件依赖包

<groupId>com.lj</groupId>
<artifactId>HadoopLearn</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>


<dependencies>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
       <version>RELEASE</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
       <version>2.8.2</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
       <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
       <version>2.6.0</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
       <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
       <version>2.6.0</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
       <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
       <version>2.6.0</version>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>

• WordcountMapper类

package com.lj.wordcount;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

// map阶段
// KEYIN 输入数据的key 
// VALUEIN 输入数据的value
// KEYOUT 输出数据的key的类型   atguigu,1   ss,1
// VALUEOUT 输出的数据的value类型
public class WordcountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>{
    Text k = new Text();
    IntWritable v = new IntWritable(1);
    @Override
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context)
            throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        // 1 获取一行
        String line = value.toString();
        // 2 切割单词
        String[] words = line.split(" ");
        // 3 循环写出
        for (String word : words) {
            k.set(word);
            context.write(k, v);
        }
    }
}

• WordcountReducer类

package com.lj.wordcount;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

import java.io.IOException;

// KEYIN, VALUEIN   map阶段输出的key和value
public class WordcountReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>{
    private IntWritable v = new IntWritable();
    @Override
    protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
            Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        int sum = 0;
        // 1 累加求和
        for (IntWritable value : values) {
            sum += value.get();
        }
        v.set(sum);
        // 2 写出 atguigu 2
        context.write(key, v);
    }
}

• WordCountDriver类

package com.lj.wordcount;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;
// import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.CombineTextInputFormat;
public class WordCountDriver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        args = new String[] { "F:/HadoopTest/MapReduce/input/learn.txt", "F:/HadoopTest/MapReduce/output" };
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        // 1 获取Job对象
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
        // 2 设置jar存储位置
        job.setJarByClass(WordCountDriver.class);
        // 3 关联Map和Reduce类
        job.setMapperClass(WordcountMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(WordcountReducer.class);
        // 4 设置Mapper阶段输出数据的key和value类型
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        // 5 设置最终数据输出的key和value类型
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        // 6 设置输入路径和输出路径
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        // 7 提交job
        // job.submit();
        boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

6、本地运行WordCount需要配置环境变量

• 环境变量设置

1. 根据自己电脑的操作系统拷贝对应的编译后的hadoop jar包到非中文路径
   
2. 配置环境变量
   

• 打印信息设置log4j.properties
  

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

7、集群上测试用Maven打包设置

• 用maven打jar包，需要添加的打包插件依赖

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.2</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.8</source>
                <target>1.8</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin </artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <descriptorRefs>
                    <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                </descriptorRefs>
                <archive>
                    <manifest>
                        <!--打包的main函数-->
                        <mainClass>com.lj.WordCount.WordCountDriver</mainClass>
                    </manifest>
                </archive>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>make-assembly</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>single</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

• 打包运行步骤

1. 将程序打成jar包，然后拷贝到Hadoop集群中
   步骤详情：

• 右键->Run as->maven install。
• 等待编译完成就会在项目的target文件夹中生成jar包。
• 如果看不到，在项目上右键 -> Refresh操作，即可看到。
• 修改不带依赖的jar包名称为wc.jar，并拷贝该jar包到Hadoop集群。

2. 启动Hadoop集群
3. 执行WordCount程序

• hadoop jar wc.jar com.lj.wordcount.WordCountDriver hdfs://cdh1:8020/user/edq/mr/input/ hdfs://cdh1:8020/user/edq/mr/output
• 图文步骤

三、Hadoop序列化

1、序列化概述

2、自定义bean对象实现序列化接口（Writable）

• 序列化应用说明
  在企业开发中往往常用的基本序列化类型不能满足所有需求，比如在Hadoop框架内部传递一个bean对象，那么该对象就需要实现序列化接口。
• 具体实现bean对象序列化步骤如下7步
• 必须实现Writable接口
• 反序列化时，需要反射调用空参构造函数，所以必须有空参构造

public FlowBean() {
	super();
}

• 重写序列化方法

@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
	out.writeLong(upFlow);
	out.writeLong(downFlow);
	out.writeLong(sumFlow);
}

• 重写反序列化方法

@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
	upFlow = in.readLong();
	downFlow = in.readLong();
	sumFlow = in.readLong();
}

• 注意反序列化的顺序和序列化的顺序完全一致
• 要想把结果显示在文件中，需要重写toString()，可用”\t”分开，方便后续用。
• 如果需要将自定义的bean放在key中传输，则还需要实现Comparable接口，因为MapReduce框中的Shuffle过程要求对key必须能排序。

@Override
public int compareTo(FlowBean o) {
	// 倒序排列，从大到小
	return this.sumFlow > o.getSumFlow() ? -1 : 1;
}

序列化示例代码：

package com.lj.flowsum;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;

import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FlowBean implements Writable {

    private long upFlow;// 上行流量
    private long downFlow;// 下行流量
    private long sumFlow;// 总流量

    // 空参构造， 为了后续反射用
    public FlowBean() {
        super();
    }
    public FlowBean(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
        super();
        this.upFlow = upFlow;
        this.downFlow = downFlow;
        sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
    }

    @Override
    public void write(DataOutput dataOutput) throws IOException {
        dataOutput.writeLong(upFlow);
        dataOutput.writeLong(downFlow);
        dataOutput.writeLong(sumFlow);
    }
    @Override
    public void readFields(DataInput dataInput) throws IOException {
        // 必须要求和序列化方法顺序一致
        upFlow = dataInput.readLong();
        downFlow = dataInput.readLong();
        sumFlow = dataInput.readLong();
    }

    public long getUpFlow() {
        return upFlow;
    }
    public void setUpFlow(long upFlow) {
        this.upFlow = upFlow;
    }
    public long getDownFlow() {
        return downFlow;
    }
    public void setDownFlow(long downFlow) {
        this.downFlow = downFlow;
    }
    public long getSumFlow() {
        return sumFlow;
    }
    public void setSumFlow(long sumFlow) {
        this.sumFlow = sumFlow;
    }

    public void set(long upFlow2, long downFlow2) {
        upFlow = upFlow2;
        downFlow = downFlow2;
        sumFlow = upFlow2 + downFlow2;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow;
    }
}

3、编写MapReduce应用序列化程序

• 编写Map类

package com.lj.flowsum;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class FlowCountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, FlowBean> {

    private Text k = new Text();
    private FlowBean v = new FlowBean();

    @Override
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        // 7 13560436666 120.196.100.99 1116 954 200

        // 1 获取一行
        String line = value.toString();

        // 2 切割 \t
        String[] fields = line.split("\t");

        // 3 封装对象
        k.set(fields[1]);// 封装手机号

        long upFlow = Long.parseLong(fields[fields.length - 3]);
        long downFlow = Long.parseLong(fields[fields.length - 2]);
        
        v.setUpFlow(upFlow);
        v.setDownFlow(downFlow);
//        v.set(upFlow,downFlow);

        // 4 写出
        context.write(k, v);
    }
}

• 编写Reduce类

package com.lj.flowsum;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

import java.io.IOException;

public class FlowCountReducer extends Reducer<Text, FlowBean, Text, FlowBean>{
    
    FlowBean v = new FlowBean();
    
    @Override
    protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<FlowBean> values, Context context)
            throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//        13568436656    2481    24681    30000
//        13568436656    1116    954     20000
        
        long sum_upFlow = 0;
        long sum_downFlow = 0;
        
        // 1 累加求和
        for (FlowBean flowBean : values) {
            
            sum_upFlow += flowBean.getUpFlow();
            sum_downFlow += flowBean.getDownFlow();
        }
        
        v.set(sum_upFlow, sum_downFlow);
        
        // 2 写出
        context.write(key, v);
    }
}

• 编写Partition分区类

package com.lj.flowsum;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Partitioner;

public class ProvincePartitioner extends Partitioner<Text, FlowBean>{

    @Override
    public int getPartition(Text key, FlowBean value, int numPartitions) {
        // key是手机号
        // value 流量信息
        
        // 获取手机号前三位
        String prePhoneNum = key.toString().substring(0, 3);
        
        int partition = 4;
        
        if ("136".equals(prePhoneNum)) {
            partition = 0;
        }else if ("137".equals(prePhoneNum)) {
            partition = 1;
        }else if ("138".equals(prePhoneNum)) {
            partition = 2;
        }else if ("139".equals(prePhoneNum)) {
            partition = 3;
        }
        
        return partition;
    }

}

• 编写Driver类

package com.lj.flowsum;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class FlowsumDriver {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        
        args = new String[]{"F:/HadoopTest/MapReduce/input/phone_data.txt","F:/HadoopTest/MapReduce/output/"};
        
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        // 1 获取job对象
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf );
        
        // 2 设置jar的路径
        job.setJarByClass(FlowsumDriver.class);
        
        // 3 关联mapper和reducer
        job.setMapperClass(FlowCountMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(FlowCountReducer.class);
        
        // 4 设置mapper输出的key和value类型
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
        
        // 5 设置最终输出的key和value类型
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
        
//        job.setPartitionerClass(ProvincePartitioner.class);
//        
//        job.setNumReduceTasks(6);
//        
        
        // 6 设置输入输出路径
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        
        // 7 提交job
        boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        
        System.exit(result?0 :1);
    }
}

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