单词第二天

李剑四六级相似易混单词对比记忆第2天

 

 

 

author [5C:WE]                             n.                 1. 创始人 2. 创造者

authority [C:5WCriti]                  n.                  1. 权威者 2. 权力，权威3.(pl.)当局，官方

authorize [5C:WEraIz]                    v.                   批准

 

 

 

apt [Apt]                        a.                  1. 恰当的，合适的 2. 易于……的，倾向于

                                          例：              She is apt to take offense easily. 她易于发怒

                                                               3. 聪明的，伶俐的

opt [Cpt]                              vi.                 1.（常与for连用）决定做 2. 选择，选取

optimum [5CptimEm]          a.                  最好的，最佳的，最有利的

option [5CpFEn]                  n.                  选项，选择权

optional [5CpFEnEl]         a.                  选择性的，非强制的

                                          例：              optional subjects 选修课

optimism [5CptimizEm]           n.                  乐观, 乐观主义

optimistic [7Cpti5mistik]            a.                   乐观的

optimistic [7Cpti5mistik] a.                   乐观的, 有信心的

optimize [5Cptimaiz]            vt.                 使优化，使尽可能完善（=optimise）

 

1. The research shows the optimum distance is about 20 meters. (CET-4, 2000.6 Passage 1, paragraph 4)

该研究发现最佳距离是相隔20米。

 

2. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.（NETEM 1996 Passage 4, paragraph 7）

有了这种对技术革新的乐观态度，美国工人很快便习惯了机械技术需要的那种特别的非语言的思维方式。

 

 

 

available [E5veilEbl]         a.                      1. (用于物)可用的 2. (用于人)可见到的

avail [E5veil]            v.                      有利(于)，有助(于)

n.                     (一般用于否定句或疑问句中)利益，帮助

 

 

 

accomplice [E5kCmplis]            n.               同谋者，帮凶

accomplish [E5kCmpliF]          vt.              完成

accomplished [E5kCmpliFt]           a.               完成的，熟练的，多才多艺的

accomplishable [E5kCmpliFEbl]    a.               可达成的，可完成的

accomplishment [E5kQmplIFmEnt]  n.            1. 完成, 达到 2. 成就, 造诣

 

1. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle Cells. (CET-6, 2003.9 passage 4, paragraph 1)

通过提高肌肉细胞内某些系统以及心脏的效率,就可以达到调节的作用。

 

2. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach peple to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished. (CET-4, 1998.6 Passage 2, paragraph 4)

我们不能说教人学会使用计算机，我们只能说学会使用这一套或是那一套软件，这点是很容易的。

 

 

 

antarctic [Ant5B:ktik]                  a.                  南极的                  n.                南极

arctic [5B:ktik]                        a.                  北极的

 

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future ? (CET-4, 2005.6, Passage 1, Paragraph 1)

位于北极的国家野生动物保护区地下蕴藏有足够的石油来帮助保障美国未来的能源吗？

 

 

 

appraise [E5preiz]                 v.                   评价

appraisal [E5preizEl]           n.                  1. 评价 2. 估计，估量

praise [preiz]                   v. / n.            称赞，表扬

praiseful [5preizful]                 a.                   赞扬的

1. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. (CET-4, 1997.1, Passage 1, paragraph 2)

这就意味着我们要通过在大脑中不停地做出判断和评价，使自己的行为和他人的行为相配合。

 

2. For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets. （CET-4, 2002.12 Passage 4, paragraph 3）

顾客调查表上首次出现了表扬多于批评的现象。

(注：写作时，尤其是图标作文中，用“outnumber”这个动词比用“more than”拽多了！J)

 

 

 

art [B:t]                 n.                 1. (pl.)文科，人文科学 2. 技巧，技艺3.美术，艺术

artful [5B:tful]         a.                     巧妙的，狡猾的

artistic [B:5tistik]         a.                  1. 艺术的 2. 有美感的

article [5B:tikl]          n.                  1. 冠词 2. 物品，商品3. 条款，项目4. 文章，论文

articulate [B:5tikjulit]       vt.                 明确清楚地表达                 

                                a.                   善于表达的，口齿清楚的

artificial [7B:ti5fiFEl]  a.                  1. 人工的，人造的 2. 矫揉造作的

superficial [sju:pE5fiFEl] a.           1. 表面的

 2. 肤浅的，浅薄的

1. While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions─be they scientific or artistic. (CET-4, 2002.12, Passage 2, Paragraph 5)

诚然，我们都需要一个职业，但同时我们也应该看到文明已经在一些远离我们自身职业的领域积聚了大量的知识，由于理解了这些文明的贡献——不管它们是科学还是艺术的，我们的生活将更加美好。

(注：本句主干为：it is equally true that ......and that......；it却是形式主语，真正主语是that从句，that从句太长，所以用it指代；far removed from our own过去分词短语做fields的定语；破折号后面的部分是补充说明other contributions。嘿嘿，很爽的感觉啊,别小瞧四级啊！如果想在写作中写出类似这么牛的句子，请把这句话狂念100遍！J）

 

2. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. (NETEM 1995, Passage 1，Paragraph 2)

他们或许能通过误导性的广告暂时愚弄一些人，但时间不会太长，因为庆幸的是，公众有良好的意识，他们不会一而再地去购买劣质商品。

 

3. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. (NETEM 1997, Passage 2, Paragraph 4)

很多美国人不经意表现的友好不应被看做是表面或虚假的应酬，而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果。

 

 

 

adapt [E5dApt]                               vt.       1.使适应 2.改编

adept [E5dept]                                           a.    （与at， in连用）熟练的，精通的，内行

adopt [E5dCpt]                            vt.      1.收养 2.采用，采纳

adjust [E5dVQst]                             vt.      1.调整，调节 2.校正

 

1. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. (CET-6, 1998.6, Passage 4, Paragraph 3)

全球变暖的趋势会使那些无法尽快适应气候变化的物种灭绝。

 

2. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. (CET-6, 1997.6, Passage 3, Paragraph 2)

传记作家必须以自己所处的位置来写作，并相应于写作对象在必要时对自己的位置做出调整。

 

3. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight. (CET-4, 2005.1, Passage 4, Paragraph 4)

逐步增加步行的距离，并适当作些饮食方面的调整，你就可以减掉更多的体重。

 

 

 

bug [bQ^]        n.                  小虫，臭虫        v.               装置窃听器，打扰

buck       [bQk]         n.                  1. <美口> 元，一笔钱      2. 雄鹿，公羊，公兔

                            例：              working overtime to make an extra buck.  

                                                 加班工作以获得一笔加班费

                            v.                   (马等) 突然一跃 (将骑手摔下)

bud [bQd]       v.                   发芽，含苞欲放           n.           芽，花苞

 

 

 

brace [breis]            vt.                      1. 振作 2. 支撑3. 使稳固  n.                支柱

embrace [im5breis]     vt.                          1. 包含 2. 拥抱

unbrace [5Qn5breis]         vt.                       放松，解开……索带

brake [breik]                n.                      闸，刹车                   v.            刹车

brave [breiv]          a.                       勇敢的

This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike.  (CET-6, 2005.6, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)

这并不是悲观哲学家思索的素材，这是欧洲大陆一个真实的新经济景象，被类似于社会学家、房地产开发商和广告公司的经理所拥护。

 

 

 

bless [bles]                   vt.                 1. 祝福，保佑 2. (with)使有幸得到

blessing [5blesiN]         n.                  祈福，祝福

Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. (CET-6, 2003.1 passage 4, paragraph 4)

然而，具有讽刺意味的是，高消费给人类带来的却是忧喜参半。

 

 

 

bowel [5bauEl]            n.                  肠                 

a.               内部，同情心

bowl [bEul]                  n.                  碗，碗状物，木球          

v.                滚， (板球) 投球

 

 

 

belly [5beli]                n.                  腹部，胃    

vi.              涨满

berry [5beri]                n.                  浆果

 

 

 

bare [bZE]                                       a.       1.勉强的 2.赤裸的，光秃秃的

                                              v.        露出

barely [5bZEli]                                           ad.      1.勉强地，几乎没有 2.赤裸裸地

rarely [5reElI]                               ad.      1.很少，难得 2.非常地

 

 

 

ballot [5bAlEt]                          n.       选举票，投票，票数    vi.    投票

ballet [bA5lei]                        n.       芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞乐曲

They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. (CET-4, 2003.6, Passage 1, Paragraph 1)

他们也多做些家务活，并且参加更多的像足球、芭蕾舞等有组织的活动。

 

 

 

battery [5bAtEri]                         n.                 1. 电池（组） 2. 一组（套）3.炮兵连

battle [5bAtl]                           v.                   作战                    

n.                  战斗

bottle [5bCtl]                       vt.                 1. 抑制（怒气等） 2. 装瓶             

n.               瓶子

 

 

 

combat [5kCmbEt]                         v. / n.             战斗，搏斗

acrobat [5AkrEbAt]               n.                  (走钢丝的)杂技演员，随机应变者

War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states. (CET-6, 2002.6 passage 3, paragraph 3)

战争并不简单地是国家间为解决争端用战斗进行的尝试。

 

 

 

 

bar [bB:(r)]                      vt.                    闩上，阻挡

n.                 1. 门栓，栅栏2. 阻碍物，障碍3. 酒吧，售酒的柜台

barrier [5bAriE]                 n.                 障碍，防碍因素，障碍物

 

1. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. （CET-4, 2004.6, Passage 4, paragraph 5）

这个结果令政府感到极为尴尬。

 

2. America’s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. (CET-6, 2003.1 passage 3, paragraph 2)

美国受伤工人可以诉诸法院要求补偿金，但是他们仍需面对重重法律障碍。

 

 

 

 

behavio(u)r [bi5heivjE]              n.           1. 行为，举止 2. 运转情况

behave [bi5heiv]                        v.                1. 行走，举止 2. 举止适当有礼

behalf [bi5hB:f]                     n.        利益

 

1. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue(起诉)on her own behalf.(CET-4, 2003.6, Passage 4, Paragraph 5)

但是，法官表示Kimberly有权以自己的名义以自己的名义起诉。

 

2. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to. (CET-4, 2003.9 Passage 3, Paragraph 3)

他们说话、穿着和表现都比过去的孩子更像成年人。

 

 

 

breach [bri:tF]                     n.                  违背，破坏，破裂，裂口

vt.                 打破，突破 (注：可以把b联想成“不”)

bread [bred]                         n.                    面包，生计

breast [brest]                       n.                    1. 胸部，乳房 2. 胸怀，心情

abreast [E5brest]                    ad.                   1. 并肩地, 并排地 2. 最新，赶得上

 

Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. (CET-4, 2005.1 Passage 4, Paragraph 1)

遗憾的是，普通美国人并未懂得这个道德，他们宁可尝试着改用“淡”啤酒和低热面包，而不愿增加消耗体力的运动。

 

 

 

bind [baind]                            vt.      1.捆，绑 2. (up)包扎

blind [blaind]                                           vt.      1.使失明 2.蒙蔽                 n.      百叶窗                                                         a.       1.瞎的，盲的 2.盲目的

We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. (CET-4, 1996-1, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)

在这个测试中，我们选择了喜欢可口可乐和喜欢百事可乐的人，要求他们在不知道喝的是哪种饮料的情况下，找出自己喜欢的品牌。

 

 

 

colonel [5kE:nl]                      n.                  （陆军）上校

colony [5kClEni]                     n.                  殖民地

colonist [5kClEnist]        n.                  殖民地居民

Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his lessons that his pupils “came to work as though they came to play,” and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students “glad they were there.” (CET-6, 2003.6 passage 2, paragraph 1)

在谈到Ezekiel Cheever这个马萨诸塞州海湾殖民地最著名的校长时，他的学生Cotton Mather写到，他备的课程能让学生们感觉“上课就像玩一样”，过了大约三百年，Alfred North Whitehead也注意到一个教师必须使他/她的学生“高兴上学”。

 

 

 

accident [5AksidEnt]        n.                  1. 事故 2. 意外，偶然的事

accidental [7Aksi5dentl]        a.                   意外的，偶然的

incident [5insidEnt]        n.          1.  事件 (比event小而不重要的事) 2. 突发事件

incidentally [InsI5dentElI]  ad.    附带地，顺便地

incidence [5insidEns]          n.                  发生率例：the incidence of a disease 发病率

coincide [7kEuin5said]         vi.                 1. 与……相一致，相符 2. 同时发生，巧合

coincidence [kEu5insidEns] n.               1. 巧合，巧事 2. 一致，符合

coincident [kEJ5InsId(E)nt]  a.                  同时发生的；巧合的 2. 一致的；相符合的

1. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. (CET-4, 2003.9 Passage 1, Paragraph 1)

事实上，一辆由十六岁少年驾驶的载有三个或更多的乘客的汽车发生致使交通事故的概率是该少年单独驾车的三倍。

 

2. It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property tax increase. (CET-6, 2003.1 Passage 2, Paragraph 1)

在居民们拒绝提高28%财产税的两周后，Kalkaska关闭了学校，这不是巧合。

 

3. This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. (CET-4, 2003.9 Passage 3, Paragraph 2)

这件事一直滞留在我心里，因为它证实了我的一个越来越强烈的认识——孩子在变化。

 

4. Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell, which the dogs follow. (CET-4, 2002.1 Passage 2, Paragraph 4)

有时这些事件导致暴力，但大多数阻拦者都是通过误导骑马人或打乱猎犬跟踪的狐狸嗅迹来干预狩猎。

 

5. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, it's possible to have a conversation with your kids, who----incidentally-----would have more time for their own parents. (CET-6, 2006.1 Passage 1, Paragraph 3)

那些准祖父、准祖母们会得到提醒：膝下无孙子孙女，你可能会与儿女们谈心交流；他们也就自然而然地和自己的父母有更多的时间沟通了。

 

6. Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. (CET-6, 2004.1, Passage 2, Paragraph 2)

伴随着妇女外出劳动增长的是离婚率的增长。